TABLE 1.—Summary of the Position as regards the Employment of Women, April, 1914.

OccupationEstimated Number of Women employed, July, 1914.Percentage of Women to Total Number of Workpeople employed, July, 1914.Increase in the Employment of Women since July, 1914.Number of Women stated by Employers to be directly replacing Men.Percentage of Women to Total Number of Workpeople employed, April, 1918.
Percentage of those employed in July, 1918.Approximate Increase in Numbers.
Industries2,176,0002625537,000531,00036
Government Establishments2,000 39,098197,000187,00044
Gas, Water, Electricity (under Local Authorities)600 17244,0004,000 9
Agriculture80,000 9119,00040,00013
Transport17,000 245978,00079,50010
Tramways1,200 21,46618,00017,00034
Finance and Banking9,300 566063,00059,50040
Commerce296,0002971354,000352,00053
Professions (mainly Clerks)50,5002811857,00022,50061
Hotels, Public Houses, Cinemas, Theaters, etc.181,000481425,00044,50061
Civil Service, Post Office60,300247859,50064,00052
Other Civil Service5,500 91,80999,50089,00057
Other Services under Local Authorities196,200341631,00026,00047
Total3,276,00024471,532,0001,516,00037

TABLE II.

The Employment of Women in the Main Groups of Industrial Occupations, April 1916, 1917, 1918.

OccupationEstimated number of Women employed July, 1914.Increase (+), Decrease (-), since July, 1914, in the number of Women employed.Number of Women stated by Employers to be replacing Men, April, 1916.
April, 1916.April, 1917.April, 1918.
Metal Trades170,000+ 149,200+ 295,300+ 385,000194,000
Chemical Trades40,000+ 34,300+ 66,000+ 63,00081,000
Textile Trades863,000+ 19,200+ 14,500- 19,00065,000
Clothing Trades612,000+ 12,800- 44,700- 37,00046,000
Food Trades196,000+ 17,100+ 25,000+ 30,00062,000
Paper and Printing Trades147,000- 700- 5,100- 4,00021,000
Wood Trades44,000+ 14,000+ 21,000+ 34,00026,000
All Industrial Occupations, including some not specified above2,176,000+ 284,700+ 483,600+ 537,000510,000

Present Occupation.Same Occupation.Household Duties, and not previously occupied.Textile Trades.Clothing Trades.Other Industries.Domestic Service.Other Industrial Occupations.Total stated and classified.
Metal Trades53,24918,9273,4084,63512,45812,5025,449110,628
Chemical Trades14,63452,4076,22617,94120,87944,43817,079173,604
Textile Trades6,3784,7301,3773,6952,3202,5311,05422,085
Clothing Trades38,2569,3341,0008,4305,7454,9703,64371,378
Wood Trades4,4393,7647831,4902,6263,9501,19618,248
Leather Trades7,6822,1796951,3721,7821,31182215,843
Rubber Trades7,8974,0551,1191,5612,1042,3931,03020,159
Others4,0033,1154006691,2331,89787512,192
Total136,53898,51115,00839,79349,14773,99231,148444,137

TABLE IV.