3. Domne, used familiarly as a proclitic (§ [19]), lost its first syllable, and, before a vowel, was reduced to n. The combinations de n, que n (followed by a proper name) were understood as d’en, qu’en; hence the title en, ‘Sir.’ See Schultz-Gora in Zs., XXVI, 588; Elise Richter in Zs., XXVII, 193; V. Cescini, Manualetto provenzale, 2d ed., 1905, 168 ff.
4. The proclitic ọ probably comes from a V. L. ot, not from aut.
42. The vowel of the initial syllable, especially in verbs, was extremely subject to the influence of analogy: cülhir (ǫ) through cülh (ǫ) ＜ cŏllĭgit, dizẹn ＜ dīcĕntem through dire ＜ dīcĕre, dürar through dür ＜ dūrum and düra ＜ dūrat, finir through fin ＜ fīnem, fivęla through fibla ＜ fībula, puęiar (ǫ) through puęia (ǫ) ＜ ✱pŏdiat.
1. Avangęli (e) is perhaps influenced by avan; blisọ (e) ＜ blas may possibly have been influenced by tiso; gazardọ ＜ wiðarlôn shows the influence of gazanhar; in piucęla (pülcęla) ＜ ✱pūellicĕlla (Zs., XXV, 343) the püu of the first syllable was changed to piu just as pūlĭcem became piuze (see § [38], 3); in vas = ves ＜ ve(r)sus the a is due to the analogy of az ＜ ad; vais is unexplained, vaus follows daus (§ [44], 6). If dessẹ is from de exín, the first syllable is irregular. Beside maniar ＜ manducare are unexplained forms meniar miniar. In duptar (o), suritz (o) the u doubtless represents ụ or ọ, not ü. Girofle ＜ Καρυόφυλλον and olifan orifan ＜ elephantem are French.
43. Sometimes the initial syllable was altered by a change of prefix or a false idea of etymology: aucire ＜ occīdĕre (cf. the Italian and Rumanian forms), diman (e) ＜ de máne (cf. di ＜ dīem), dementre ＜ dum ĭntĕrim (cf. de ＜ de), engǫissa ＜ ✱angŭstia (cf. en ＜ in), envanezir ＜ evanēscĕre, escür ＜ obscūrum (cf. es- ＜ ex-), preọn prefọn (o) ＜ profŭndum, redọn ＜ rotŭndum (re- in V. L.: Schuchardt, Vokalismus des Vulgärlateins, II, 213), trabalh ＜ trepalium (cf. tra- ＜ tra- = trans-). Dimenge (also ditmenge) is from dīe domĭnĭco.
1. On the same principle are doubtless to be explained such double forms as evori (a), saboros (e), socors (e), somondre (e), soror (e). Serori occurs in a Latin inscription.
2. The prefix eccu-, under the influence of ac and atque, became ✱accu- in southern Gaul and elsewhere: aco ＜ ✱accu’hoc, aquel ＜ ✱accu’ĭllum, aquest ＜ ✱accu’ĭstum, aqui ＜ ✱accu’hīc. Eissi ＜ ecce hīc sometimes becomes aissi through the analogy of aissi ＜ ac sīc.
3. In such forms as tresanar, the prefix tres- is French.