- Abl.: ablative.
- Acc.: accusative.
- Cl.L.: Classic Latin.
- Cond.: conditional.
- Cons.: consonant.
- Einf.: W. Meyer-Lübke, Einführung in das Studium der romanischen Sprachwissenschaft, 1901.
- F.: feminine.
- Fr.: French.
- Free (of vowels): not in position.
- Fut.: future.
- Gram.: W. Meyer-Lübke, Grammaire des langues romanes, 3 vols., 1890-1900.
- Grundriss: G. Gröber, Grundriss der romanischen Philologie, 2 vols., 1888-1902.
- Imp.: imperfect.
- Imper.: imperative.
- Intertonic (of vowels): following the secondary and preceding the primary accent.
- Intervocalic (of consonants): standing between two vowels.
- It.: Italian.
- Körting: G. Körting, Lateinisch-romanisches Wörterbuch, 2d ed., 1901.
- Lat.: Latin.
- Levy: E. Levy, Provenzalisches Supplement-Wörterbuch, 1894-.
- Ltblt.: Literaturblatt für germanische und romanische Philologie, monthly, Leipzig.
- M.: masculine.
- Nom.: nominative.
- Obj.: objective (case).
- Part.: participle.
- Perf.: perfect.
- Pers.: person.
- Phon.: P. Marchot, Petite phonétique du français prélittéraire, 1901.
- Pl.: plural.
- Pr.: Provençal.
- Pres.: present.
- Pret.: preterit.
- Raynouard: M. Raynouard, Lexique roman, 6 vols., 1836-44.
- Rom.: Romania, quarterly, Paris.
- Sg.: singular.
- V.L.: Vulgar Latin.
- Voc.: H. Schuchardt, Vocalismus des Vulgärlateins, 3 vols., 1866-68.
- Voiced (of consonants): sonant, pronounced with vibration of the glottis.
- Voiceless (of consonants): surd, pronounced without glottal vibration.
- Vow.: vowel.
- Zs.: Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie, 4 to 6 nos. a year, Halle.
SIGNS AND PHONETIC SYMBOLS.
N. B.—Phonetic characters not entered in this list are to be pronounced as in Italian. Whenever it is essential to distinguish spelling from pronunciation, italic type is used for the former, Roman for the latter.
- · (under a vowel): close quality.
- ¸ (under a vowel): open quality.
- ¯ (over a vowel): long quantity.
- ̆ (over a vowel): short quantity.
- ̑ (under a letter): semivowel, not syllabic.
- ´ (over a letter): stress.
- ´ (after a consonant): palatal pronunciation.
- ✱ (before a word): conjectural, not found.
- ＞ (between words or letters): derivation, the source standing at the open end.
- +: followed by.
- ạ: French â in pâte.
- ą: French a in patte.
- β: bilabial v, as in Spanish.
- c: see k.
- c´: palatal k, as in English key.
- ð: English th in this.
- ẹ: French é in thé.
- ę: French ê in fête.
- g: English g in go.
- g´: palatal g, as in English geese.
- h: English h in hat.
- ị: French i in si.
- į: English ĭ in pit.
- k: English k in maker.
- k´: see c´.
- l´: palatal l, as in Italian figlio.
- n´: palatal n, as in Italian ogni.
- ŋ: English ng in sing.
- ọ: German ō, as in sohn.
- ǫ: German ŏ, as in sonne.
- r´: palatal r.
- š: English sh in ship.
- þ: English th in thin.
- ụ: German ū, as in gut.
- ų: German ŭ, as in butter.
- ü: French u in pur.
- w: English w in woo.
- χ: German ch in ach.
- y: English y in ye.
- z: English z in crazy.
- ž: French j in jour.
THE PROVENÇAL TERRITORY