Dw ＞ gw ＞ g: ✱sĕduit ＞ sęc.
1. Vezoa ＜ vĭdua must be an early learned word: veuva is perhaps from veua ＜ veuða ＜ veðua.
Kw ＞ gw ＞ g: antīqua ＞ antiga, ĕqua ＞ ęga, æquālem ＞ egal (engal has received through a mistake in etymology the prefix en- or e- ＜ in-), nŏcuit ＞ nǫc, placuĭstī ＞ plaguist, ✱sĕquĕre (= sĕqui) ＞ sęgre, ✱sequīre ＞ seguir, tacuĭssem ＞ taguẹs.
1. Several words show a different development: cf. Ltblt., XXIV, 335; Zs., XXVIII, 381. In aqua (or acqua) and aquĭla (or ✱acquĭla) the first consonant became, for some reason, a spirant, which later changed to i: aχwa ＞ aiwa ＞ aigua aiga, áχwila ＞ áiwila ＞ áigwila ＞ aigla. So aiglentina. These same words show irregularities in other languages. Perhaps the dialect form eigal (Auvergne, Arles) for egal is to be explained in the same way; but the ei here may be analogical.
2. In several words kw was reduced to c (or c´) in Vulgar Latin: coquĕre (+ cŏcus) ＞ cŏcĕre ＞ cǫzer, tŏrquēre ✱tŏrquĕre (+ ✱tŏrco ✱tŏrcunt) ＞ ✱tŏrcĕre ＞ tǫrser. Cf. § [55], W.
Lw ＞ lgw ＞ lg: caluit ＞ calc, ✱toluĭstī ＞ tolguist, valuĭssem ＞ valguẹs, vŏluĕrunt (§ [16], 2) ＞ vǫlgron.
Nw, ngw, nkw ＞ ngw ＞ ng: tĕnuit ＞ tẹnc, ✱venuĭsset ＞ venguẹs; sanguem ＞ sanc; cīnque (= quinque) ＞ cinc.
1. Tęuns ＜ tĕnuis is probably a learned word; the transposition of u and n may have been due originally to a misreading of the letters. Ianuer, manual, etc. are learned. Maneira is apparently from a Vulgar Latin ✱man(u)aria from manuarius. For enquerre ＜ inquærĕre, see § [59].
2. Exstĭnguĕre (+ ✱exstĭngo ✱exstĭngunt) ＞ ✱estĭngĕre ＞ estẹnher.
Pw ＞ upw ＞ up ＞ ub: sapuĭsset ＞ saubẹs, recĭpuit ＞ recẹup.