113. Beside primięr we find premięr prümier promięr (§ [44], 1, 3), and also prim and primeiran; for the developments of the ending -ięr, see § [23], 1 and § [73], Ry, 1. Tęrz, tęrza regularly became tęrs, tęrsa (§ [73], Rty). Such forms as secọnda, tęrcia, sęxta, octava, nọna, dęcima are learned.
1. As an example of a compound ordinal numeral, we have vintena tersa.
PRONOUNS.
114. Under this head will be treated not only pronouns and pronominal adjectives, but also articles.
115. In popular Latin the personal, possessive, and demonstrative pronouns and adjectives had two sets of forms, according as they were accented or unaccented (§ [19]). Ille, when stressed and used pronominally, became a disjunctive personal pronoun of the third person; when unstressed and used pronominally, it furnished the conjunctive forms of the third person; when unstressed and used adjectively, it developed into a definite article. Ipse had similar uses. These differentiations must have begun in Vulgar Latin times.
116. The declension of ĭlle was considerably altered in Vulgar Latin. The neuter ĭllud disappeared, being replaced by ĭlium. Through the influence of quī cūjus cūī, ✱ĭllī illūjus[89] illūī[89] came to be used beside ĭlle illīus ĭllī. The feminine had, beside illīus ĭllī, a genitive and dative ĭllæ; through the analogy of illūjus illūī, ĭllæ was expanded into illæjus[89] illæi.[89] Illīus then went out of use. In the plural, illōrum (which in some regions, by the analogy of illūjus illūī, had a form ✱illūrum) crowded out illārum; this illōrum came to be used also as a dative.
Ipse and ĭste followed in the main the same course as ĭlle.
Articles.
117. The indefinite article comes from ūnus, which seems to have been occasionally so used even in classic Latin:—
| ü(n)s | üna |
| ü(n) | üna |