He was elected bishop of Hexham in 684, and with much difficulty was persuaded to undertake the duties. He soon exchanged Hexham for Lindisfarne.
As bishop, Cuthbert was diligent in preaching, protected the poor from their oppressors, lived on very little, and fed and clothed the poor.
Towards the end of 686 he gave up his bishopric and returned to his beloved Fame Island, where he died in March 687.
St. Anthony, one of the primitive hermits, and the founder of monasticism, was born at Coma, in Upper Egypt, in A.D. 251. Before he was twenty years old he lost his parents, and inherited great riches from them, but within a year he sold all that he had and gave the money to the poor. He then retired into solitude near Coma, passing his time in manual labour, prayer, and study. Later, he went farther into the wilderness, and lived in a cave. Satan is said to have tempted him by sending spirits to him, disguised as beautiful women. Finding this ineffectual, it is related that the Evil One made a violent attack on him, and beat him so severely that he left him for dead. At the age of ninety he heard of another hermit (St. Paul the Hermit), and made a journey to visit him. St. Paul died soon after this meeting, and St. Anthony, aided by two lions, buried him. In his 105th year he told some of his disciples that he was going to die; then, accompanied by a few monks, he retired deeper into the wilderness, where he died, having first obtained a promise that they would keep the place of his burial secret.
(In the time of Innocent IV. all hermits who lived under no recognised discipline were incorporated and reduced under the rule of St. Augustine.)
| THE LEGEND OF ST. ANTHONY | |
|---|---|
| 1. | Of Anton story who lyste to here In Egypt was he bornt as doyth aper. |
| 2. | Her is he babtyd, Anton they hym call Gret landes and renttes to hym doeth fawl. |
| 3. | As scoler to the kyrk here is he gayn To here the sermontt and aftyr itt he's tayn. |
| 4. | Here geyffith he to the kyrk boith land and rent To leve in povert is hys intent. |
| 5. | Here in Agello to oon oulde man he wentt To lerne perfeccion is hys intent. |
| 6. | Here makyth he breder as men of relig', And techyth them vertu to leve in perfecco. |
| 7. | Here to the wyldernes as armet geon he And thus temptyth hym covytice with oon gold dyshie. |
| 8. | The sprytt of fornycacon to hy her doth apper And thus he chastith his body with thorne and brer. |
| 9. | The devill thus hat hy wounded wt lance and staf And levyth hy for deyd lyying at his cayf |
| 10. | Here Crist haith hym helyd the devill he doth away And comfortyd his confessor deyd as he lay |
| 11. | Here comands he yis bests and ffast away tha flie Ye bor hy obbays and wth hy bydeds he. |
| 12. | Here makyth he a well and water hath uptayne And comforted hys breder thyrst was nere slayn. |
| 13. | Here commandith he best to make hy a cayf And thus he berys Paulyn and lay hy in graf |
| 14. | Thus walkèd he over the flode water doth hy no der Theodor hy se and dare nou cu hy nere |
| 15. | Here departith Anton, to hevyn his saul is gone Betwixt his two breder in wilder's the alone. |
| 16. | Here in wilderns they bery hym that no man shud him knaw For soo he comanded syne hom first tha draw. |
| 17. | Thus levyth he i wildern's xxii yere and more Without any company bot the wylde boore. |
St. Augustine, the first great saint of the Order, and patron of the canons of the cathedral. He was born at Tagaste, in Numidia, A.D. 354. His father, Patricius, was a Pagan, while his mother, Monica, was a Christian. Patricius, perceiving the ability of his son, "spared nothing to breed him up a scholar." When quite young he had a severe illness, and expressed a wish to be baptized, but on his recovery the wish vanished. Later, his morals grew corrupt, and he lived a profligate life until he became a convert of the Manicheans at the age of nineteen. After teaching grammar at Tagaste, and rhetoric at Carthage, he proceeded to Rome, against the wish of Monica. He next became professor of rhetoric at Milan. Ambrose was then archbishop, and through listening to his preaching, St. Augustine abandoned the Manichean doctrines, and was baptized at Easter the following year, A.D. 387. Monica, who had prayed unceasingly for his conversion, now visited him at Milan, and was greatly rejoiced at the answer to her prayers. His mother started to return to Africa with her son, but died at Ostia. At a villa outside Hippo, St. Augustine passed three years in the company of eleven pious men. "They had all things in common as in the early Church; and fasting and prayer, Scripture-reading and almsgiving, formed their regular occupations. Their mode of life was not formally monastic according to any special rule, but the experience of this time of seclusion was, no doubt, the basis of that monastic system which St. Augustine afterwards sketched, and which derived from him its name." He then entered the priesthood, A.D. 390, and five years afterward was made coadjutor in the bishopric of Hippo, and eventually became bishop. The rest of his life he devoted to defending the Christian religion, both by preaching and by writing. He died in Hippo, A.D. 430, while the Vandals were besieging it. St. Augustine is called "the greatest of the Fathers." His great work "De Civitate Dei," "the highest expression of his thought," engaged him for seventeen years. In his well-known "Confessions" is given an account of his spiritual progress, and of his state before he was converted.