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Lancelot Salkeld. 1542 Sir Thomas Smyth, LL. D. 1547 Lancelot Salkeld. 1553. Sir Thomas Smyth, LL.D. 1559 Sir John Wooley, M.A. 1577 Christopher Perkins, LL.D. 1596 Francis White, S.T.P. 1622 William Patterson, S.T.P. 1626 Thomas Comber S.T.P 1630 (Vacant 18 years) Guy Carleton, D.D. 1660 Thomas Smith, D.D. 1671 Thomas Musgrave, D.D. 1684 William Graham, D.D. 1686 Francis Atterbury, D.D. 1704 George Smallridge, D.D. 1711 Thomas Gibbon, D.D. 1713 |
Thomas Tullie, LL.D. 1716 George Fleming, LL.D. 1727 Robert Bolton, LL.D. 1734 Charles Tarrent, D.D. 1764 Thomas Wilson, D.D. 1764 Thomas Percy, D.D. 1778 Jeffrey Ekins, D.D. 1782 Isaac Milner, D.D. 1792 Robert Hodgson, D.D. 1820 John Anthony Cramer, D.D. 1844 Samuel Hinds, D.D. 1848 Archibald Campbell Tait, D.D. 1849 Francis Close, D.D. 1856 J. Oakley, D.D. 1881 W.G. Henderson, D.D. 1884 |
CHAPTER V
THE CASTLE
The Castle is built on the highest ground in the city, a kind of cliff at the north-west angle rising abruptly about sixty feet above the river Eden. An area of nearly three acres has been enclosed with walls, the longest side from north-west to south-east being about 256 yards long, the west side 143 yards, and the south side 200 yards. Two sides are very steep, and the south side, which slopes gradually to the town, is defended outside the wall by a wide moat 10 feet deep.
There are two divisions: the outer ward, and the inner ward. William Rufus erected the keep, which was at first the only building on the site, and this was enclosed by a wall on the north and east. A triangular ward was thus formed, having its entrance at the south-east. Carlisle was fortified in 1170, and the city walls were carried up to the castle. At this time the first entrance was blocked up and the present one made; the outer ward was also enclosed. The south wall, with its flat buttresses, is partly Norman, and partly thirteenth-century work; and this description generally applies to the north and west walls.
About 50 yards from the south-west angle and on the city walls is King Richard's Tower, a building of two storeys, where Richard III. is said to have lived when at Carlisle. It is also called the Tile Tower because of the thin bricks with which it was built. A subterranean passage leading to the keep was discovered here early this century. Entrance to the castle is gained by a bridge crossing the moat; this has replaced the old drawbridge and leads to a gatehouse with battlements, a kind of barbican, of two storeys. The passage is vaulted, and has massive doors of oak studded with iron; formerly there was also a portcullis.
This leads to the outer ward which is about four times as large as the inner ward. It is nearly square, and contains modern buildings for the use of the garrison.
The two wards are divided by a strong stone wall 90 yards in length. A wide ditch (now filled up) once ran in front. In the centre of this wall is a building—the Captain's Tower—which gives access to the inner ward through its gateway secured at each end with a strong door.