Animal Life and Intelligence

by C. Lloyd Morgan

[HD]Romanes, "Animal Intelligence," p. 17: Definition of reason.

[HE]"Mental Evolution in Animals," p. 318.

[HF]"Lessons from Nature," pp. 226, 227.

[HG]"Physiological Æsthetics:" chapter on "Pleasure and Pain."

[HH]All of these, at any rate, satisfy Mr. Herbert Spencer's definition. Pleasure he describes as a feeling which we seek to bring into consciousness and retain there; pain, as a feeling which we seek to get out of consciousness and keep out.

[HI]"Types of Ethical Theory," vol. ii. p. 350.

[HJ]Such consciousness of activity is probably associated with the innervation of afferent, not efferent, nerves.

[HK]Journal of Marine Biological Association, New Series, vol. i. No. 2, pp. 216, 217.

[HL]"Outlines of Psychology," p. 481.

[HM]Ibid. p. 494.