'Each hopeful hero now essays to start
To spoil the intellect, destroy the heart,
To render useless all kind Nature gave,
And live the dupe of ev'ry well dress'd knave;
To herd with gamblers, be a blackleg king,
And shine the monarch of the betting ring.'

"Men of family and fashion, in those golden days, passed their time in courts, in dancing-rooms, and at clubs composed of the very cream of birth and elegance. You heard occasionally of Lord Such-a-one being killed in a duel, or of the baronet or esquire dying from cold caught at a splendid fête, or by going lightly clad to his magnificent vis-à-vis, after a select masquerade; but you never read his death in a newspaper from a catarrh caught in the watch-house, from & fistic fight, or in a row at a hell—things now not astonishing, since even men with a title and a name of rank pass their time in the stable, at common hells, at the Fives-court—the hall of infamy; in the watch-house, the justice-room, and make the finish in the Fleet, King's Bench, or die in misery and debt abroad. In the olden times, a star of fashion was quoted for dancing at court, for the splendour of his equipages, his running footmen and black servants, his expensive dress, his accomplishments, his celebrity at foreign courts, his fine form, delicate hand, jewels, library, &c. &c. Now fame (for notoriety is so called) may be obtained by being a Greek, or Pigeon, by being mistaken for John the coachman, when on the box behind four tits; by being a good gentleman miller, by feeding the fancy, standing in print for crim. con., breaking a promise of marriage once or twice, and breaking as many tradesmen as possible afterwards; breaking the watchman's head on the top of the morn; and lastly, breaking away (in the skirmish through life) for Calais, or the Low Countries. There is as much difference between the old English gentleman and him who ought to be the modern representative of that name, as there is between a racer and a hack, a fine spaniel and a cross of the terrier and bull dog. In our days of polish and refinement, we had a Lord Stair, a Sedley, a Sir John Stepney, a Sir William Hamilton, and many others, as our ambassadors, representing our nation as the best bred in the world; and by their grace and amiability, gaining the admiration of the whole continent. We had, in remoter times, our Lords Bolingbroke, Chesterfield, and Lyttleton, our Steele, &c, the celebrated poets, authors, and patterns of fashion and elegance of the age. We had our Argyle,

'The state's whole thunder form'd to wield,
And shake at once the senate and the field.'

We had our virtuosi of the highest rank, our rich and noble authors in abundance. The departed Byron stood alone to fill their place. The classics were cultivated, not by the learned profession only, but by the votaries of fashion. Now, our Greek scholars are of another cast.{6} In earlier days the chivalrous foe met his opponent in open combat, and broke a lance for the amusement of the spectators, while he revenged his injuries in public. Now, the practice of duelling{7} has become almost a profession, and the privacy with which it is of necessity conducted renders it always subject to suspicion (see plate); independent of which, the source of quarrel is too often beneath the dignity of gentlemen, and the wanton sacrifice of life rather an act of bravado than of true courage.{7}

6 "Adeipe nunc Danaûm insidiai, et——ab uno, Disce
omnes!"
The Greek population of the fashionable world comprises a
very large portion of society, including among its members
names and persons of illustrious and noble title, whose
whole life and pleasure in life appears to "rest upon the
hazard of a die." The modern Greek, though he cannot boast
much resemblance to Achilles, Ajax, Patroclus, or Nestor,
is, nevertheless, a close imitator of the equally renowned
chief of Ithaca. To describe his person, habits, pursuits,
and manners, would be to sketch the portrait of one or more
finished roués, who are to be found in most genteel
societies. The mysteries of his art are manifold, and
principally consist in the following rules and regulations,
put forth by an old member of the corps, whose conscience
returned to torture him when his reign of earthly vice was
near its close.
ELEMENTS OF GREEKING. 1. A Greek should be like a mole,
visible only at night. 2. He should be a niggard of his
speech, and a profligate with his liquor, giving freely, but
taking cautiously. 3. He must always deprecate play in
public, and pretend an entire ignorance of his game. 4. He
must be subtle as the fox, and vary as the well-trained
hawk; never showing chase too soon, or losing his pigeon by
an over eager desire to pluck him. 5. He must be content to
lose a little at first, that he may thereby make a final hit
decisive. 6. He must practise like a conjuror in private,
that his slippery tricks in public may escape observation.
Palming the digits requires no ordinary degree of agility.
7. He must secure a confederate, who having been pigeoned,
has since been enlightened, and will consent to decoy others
to the net. 8. He should have once held the rank of captain,
as an introduction to good society, and a privilege to bully
any one who may question his conduct. 9. He must always put
on the show of generosity with those he has plucked—that
is, while their bill, bond, post obit, or other legal
security is worth having.

10. He should be a prince of good fellows at his own table,
have the choicest wines for particular companies, and when a
grand hit cannot be made, refuse to permit play in his own
house; or on a decisive occasion, let his decoy or partner
pluck the pigeon, while he appears to lose to some
confederate a much larger sum.
11. He must not be afraid to fight a duel, mill & rumbustical
green one, or bully a brother sharper who attempts to poach
upon his preserves.
12. He must concert certain signals with confederates for
working the broads (i.e. cards), such as fingers at whist:
toe to toe for an ace, or the left hand to the eye for a
king, and so on, until he can make the fate of a rubber
certain. On this point he must be well instructed in the
arts of marked cards, briefs, broads, corner bends, middle
ditto, curves, or Kingston Bridge, and other arch tricks of
slipping, palming, forcing, or even substituting,
whatever card may be necessary to win the game. Such are a
few of the elements of modern Greeking, contained in the
twelve golden rules recorded above, early attention to which
may save the inexperienced from ruin.

[ [!-- IMG --] [ENLARGE TO FULL SIZE]

7 ELEMENTS OF DUELLING.
"The British Code of Duel," a little work professing to give
the necessary instructions for man-killing according to
honour, lays down the following rules as indispensable for
the practice of principals and seconds in the pleasant and
humane amusement of shooting at each other. "1. To choose
out a snug sequestered spot, where the ground is level, and
no natural, terrestrial, or celestial line presenting itself
to assist either party in his views of sending his opponent
into eternity. 2. To examine the pistols; see that they are
alike in quality and length, and load in presence of each
other. 3. To measure the distance; ten paces of not less
than thirty inches being the minimum, the parties to step to
it, not from it. 4. To fire by signal and at random; it
being considered unfair to take aim at the man whose life
you go out to take. 5. Not to deliver the pistols cocked,
lest they should go off un-expectedly; and after one fire
the second should use his endeavours to produce a
reconciliation. 6. If your opponent fire in the air, it is
very unusual, and must be a case of extreme anguish when you
are obliged to insist upon another shot at him. 7. Three
fires must be the ultimatum in any case; any more reduces
duel to a conflict for blood," says the code writer; "if
the parties can afford it, there should be two surgeons in
attendance, but if economical, one mutual friend will
suffice; the person receiving the first fire, in case of
wound, taking the first dressing. 8. It being always
understood that wife, children, parents, and relations are
no impediment with men of very different relative stations
in society to their meeting on equal terms." The consistency,
morality, justice, and humanity of this code, I
leave to the gratifying reflection of those who have most
honourably killed their man.

'For, as duelling now is completely a science,
And sets, the Old Bailey itself at defiance;
Now Hibernians are met with in every street,
'Tis as needful to know how to shoot as to eat.'
The following singular challenge is contained in a letter
from Sir William Herbert, of St. Julian's, in Monmouthshire,
father-in-law to the famous Lord Herbert, of Cherbury, to a
gentleman of the name of Morgan. The original is in the
British Museum.
"Sir—Peruse this letter, in God's name. Be not disquieted.
I reverence your hoary hair. Although in your son I find too
much folly and lewdness, yet in you I expect gravity and
wisdom.
"It hath pleased your son, late at Bristol, to deliver a
challenge to a man of mine, on the behalf of a gentleman (as
he said) as good as myself; who he was, he named not,
neither do I know; but if he be as good as myself, it must
either be for virtue, for birth, for ability, or for calling
and dignity. For virtue I think he meant not, for it is a
thing which exceeds his judgment: if for birth, he must be
the heir male of an earl, the heir in blood of ten earls;
for, in testimony thereof, I bear their several coats.
Besides, he must be of the blood royal, for by my
grandmother Devereux I am lineally and legitimately
descended out of the body of Edward IV. If for ability he
must have a thousand pounds a year in possession, a thousand
pounds more in expectation, and must have some thousands in
substance besides. If for calling and dignity, he must be
knight or lord of several seignories in several kingdoms, a
lieutenant of his county, and a counsellor of a province.
"Now to lay all circumstances aside, be it known to your
son, or to any man else, that if there be any one who
beareth the name of gentleman, and whose words are of
reputation in his county, that doth say, or dare say, that I
have done unjustly, spoken an untruth, stained my credit and
reputation in this matter, or in any matter else, wherein
your son is exasperated, I say he lieth in his throat, and
my sword shall maintain my word upon him, in any place or
province, wheresoever he dare, and where I stand not sworn
to observe the peace. But if they be such as are within my
governance, and over whom I have authority, I will for their
re-formation chastise them with justice, and for their
malaport misdemeanour bind them to their good behaviour. Of
this sort, I account your son, and his like; against whom I
will shortly issue my warrant, if this my warning doth not
reform them. And so I thought fit to advertise you hereof,
and leave you to God.
"I am, &c.
"WM. HERBERT."