The city of Jerusalem

by C. R. Conder

[481] See Gibbon, ch. lii.; Vámbéry, “Hist. of Bokhara,” 2nd edit. 1873; Yule, “Marco Polo,” 1871, p. 172; Carmoly, “Itinéraires de la Terre Sainte,” 1847, “Des Khozars au X^e Siècle,” pp. 1–104. For the name “Turk,” see Vámbéry, “Turko-Tatarischen Sprachen,” 1878, pp. 184, 185.

[482] Will. of Tyre, i. 4, 5; Makrizi, etc.; see Guy le Strange, “Pal. under the Moslems,” p. 204.

[483] See Churchill, “Mt. Lebanon,” 1853, with an account of Druze beliefs abstracted from Silvestre de Sacy, “Exposé de la Religion des Druzes.”

[484] Will. of Tyre, i. 6; Robinson, “Bib. Res.,” 1838, pp. 394–6; “Chron. Adhemari.”

[485] viii. 3.

[486] Abbot Daniel (c. 1106 A. D.); John of Würzburg (c. 1160 A. D.); Theodorich (c. 1172 A. D.).

[487] Besant and Palmer, “Jerusalem,” p. 108; Guy le Strange, “Pal. under the Moslems,” p. 130. Another Ḳarmathian text, forbidding the “protected” (Jews and Christians) to enter a mosque in the city, probably belongs to this period, but it is not clear under which of the Fâṭemites it was set up. Pal. Expl. Fund Quarterly, Oct. 1897, p. 302, April 1898, p. 86.

[488] El Makîn says that Alp-Arslân had 40,000 horsemen. The Byzantines numbered 100,000, including Phrygians, Cappadocians, Macedonians, Bulgarians, Uzi of Moldavia (who mutinied, and who were Turks), Franks, and Normans, commanded by Ursel of Baliol, ancestor of the Scottish king John Baliol; the family came to Durham from Normandy.

[489] “Mémoires de l’Académie des Inscriptions,” de Guignes, “Sur l’état du commerce des François dans le Levant avant les Croisades,” quoted in Besant and Palmer’s “Jerusalem,” 1871, p. 127.

[490] Ibn Batuta.