Fig. 8
[Fig. 8] shows a safe and convenient form of swing.
Fig. 9
[Fig. 9], No. 1, represents a hand-ladder, used in pairs, in place of hand-rings. They are generally adopted in the German Gymnasia.
No. 3. Hand-stirrup, with spring or dog-stools. This shape is preferred to rings, as they command a much firmer grip to the hands.
No. 2. Indian Clubs. This illustration represents the best shape, and is the pattern now generally used.
[Figs. 10] and [11] represent Dumb-bells and Bar-bells, with wrought-iron handles. They do not break so easily as if they were cast in one piece. It may be useful to know, when making patterns for dumb-bells, in order to ascertain the weight in metal when cast, that one pound of fir, say pine, is equivalent to about fourteen pounds of cast iron.
