LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
| PAGE | |
| GROUP OF PERFORMING ANIMALS AT CARL HAGENBECK’S | [Frontispiece] |
| MARKHOR, JARDIN DES PLANTES, PARIS | [6] |
| SEA-LION SUCKLING ITS YOUNG, JARDIN D’ACCLIMATATION, PARIS | [13] |
| HERD OF BLACKBUCK, JARDIN D’ACCLIMATATION, PARIS | [23] |
| LE PALAIS LONGCHAMP, MARSEILLES | [27] |
| CONCERT-HOUSE AND LAKE, AMSTERDAM | [37] |
| YAK, AMSTERDAM | [43] |
| HERD OF WATERBUCK, JAPANESE DEER, BRINDLED GNU, AND KANGAROOS | [51] |
| KANGAROO | [60] |
| BARBARY SHEEP, GHENT | [64] |
| STORKS, BATELEUR EAGLE, COCKATOO, STORK NESTING ON THE GROUND, AND CRANES | [73] |
| PELICANS, COLOGNE | [79] |
| BARBARY RAM, DÜSSELDORF | [84] |
| CHEETAHS OR HUNTING LEOPARDS | [93] |
| MONKEY HOUSE, HAMBURG | [99] |
| STORK AND CRANE ENCLOSURES, HAMBURG | [101] |
| LLAMA AND MOUFFLON ROCKERY, BERLIN | [106] |
| ELEPHANT HOUSE, BERLIN | [107] |
| OSTRICH HOUSE, BERLIN | [111] |
| DEER SHED, BERLIN | [113] |
| KANGAROO, HALLE | [118] |
| WAPITI BULL, DRESDEN | [126] |
| OUTSIDE THE LION HOUSE, DRESDEN | [128] |
| FOUR-HORNED GOAT, DRESDEN | [129] |
| MONKEY HOUSE, BRESLAU | [133] |
| DUCK-POND, BRESLAU | [137] |
| OSTRICH SHED, KÖNIGSBERG | [143] |
| PELICANS, STUTTGART | [147] |
| BRINDLED GNU, STUTTGART | [149] |
| TOWER AND LAKE, FRANKFORT-ON-MAIN | [153] |
| CAMEL AND LLAMA PENS, FRANKFORT-ON-MAIN | [157] |
| AMERICAN BISON, ST. PETERSBURG | [162] |
| MOOSE YARD, MOSCOW | [165] |
| TOWER, MOSCOW | [167] |
| AVIARY, BASLE | [176] |
| CARIBOU, BASLE | [177] |
| HIPPOPOTAMI, LONDON | [183] |
| LION, LONDON | [185] |
| GRÉVY’S ZEBRA, LONDON | [189] |
| SABLE ANTELOPE, LONDON | [193] |
| STRIPED HYÆNA, LONDON | [194] |
| GARDEN AND LAKE, CLIFTON | [199] |
| THE BEAR PITS, MANCHESTER | [203] |
| CHIMPANZEE, CONSUL I., MANCHESTER | [207] |
| PHŒNIX PARK, DUBLIN | [215] |
| THE LAKE, DUBLIN | [225] |
| LION CUBS FROM SOMALILAND, DUBLIN | [230] |
| CARL HAGENBECK | [233] |
THE
ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS OF EUROPE
CHAPTER I
JARDIN DES PLANTES, PARIS: DIRECTOR, PROFESSOR MILNE EDWARDS
This Garden, the father of Zoological Gardens, is the oldest of the Zoological Gardens of Europe.
Many of the greatest naturalists have been connected with the Jardin des Plantes, and have studied within its gates.
The botanical portion is more than one hundred years older than the zoological. It was founded in 1626 by Louis XIII., who bought a plot of uncultivated ground in Saint-Victor, twenty-four acres in extent, and laid out a flower-garden and built a little greenhouse upon it. Fagon, the King’s doctor, Gaston of Orleans, Colbert, and Tournefort all helped it along, and caused the Garden to grow in extent and popularity.
A museum of natural history was established, and eleven professors appointed in mineralogy, botany, two courses of zoology, human and animal anatomy, geology, chemistry, etc. A library was formed in the museum. On the death of the Duc d’Orleans in 1660, Colbert bought for the library the celebrated paintings of flowers on vellum by Robert.