(d) Columbia University and the University of Michigan established chairs of history in 1857.
(e) Yale established a chair of history in 1865.
(f) The first seminary in history was established at the University of Michigan in 1869 by Prof. C. K. Adams.
(g) General history and ancient history were found in normal schools after about 1850.
(h) In secondary schools (first in academies, then later in high schools) history was taught as a separate study from about 1830. General history or ancient history received almost the sole emphasis, though English history was sometimes taught. In 1847 Harvard first began the practice of requiring history for admission.
(i) History work in elementary schools grew out of the study of geography, and became a separate study about 1845.
(j) Until about 1893 the only course given really serious attention in the high school was that of Ancient History in the classical course. The courses in General History, English History and American History were, for the most part, bookish, superficial, and devitalized.
(k) The Madison Conference (instituted by the N. E. A. in 1892) gave the first concerted impetus to the serious study of history in American public schools.
(l) The Report of the Committee of Ten of the N. E. A. in 1893 contains extensive and almost revolutionizing suggestions for improving the organization, study, and presentation of history in the schools.
(m) The Report of the Committee of Seven of the American Historical Association in 1896 supplemented the contemporary efforts at reform.