Reasoning from incongruities in the text, the famous scholar Lachmann concluded that the poem consists of twenty old songs, or ballads, pieced together with new matter in the shape of introductions, transitions, and amplifications. This theory gave rise to a great controversy which still divides scholarship to some extent, with opinion tending more and more to the confirmation of Lachmann’s general view, but to the rejection of his specific conclusions. That is to say: The poem is a working-over of old songs; but just how many of these there were, where the dividing lines come, and how much merit of originality may rightly be claimed for the nameless 12th century poet, cannot be definitely settled.
The most popular modernization is that of Simrock, 56th edition, 1902, from which the selections below are taken. It has its defects, but none of the many attempts to improve upon it has met with a generally recognized success.
From Adventure 1:[1] Kriemhild and her dream.
Es wuchs in Burgunden solch edel Mägdelein,
Dass in allen Landen nichts Schön’res mochte sein.
Kriemhild war sie geheissen und ward ein schönes Weib,
Um die viel Degen mussten verlieren Leben und Leib.
Es pflegten sie drei Könige, edel und reich,
Gunter und Gernot, die Recken ohnegleich,
Und Geiselher der junge, ein auserwählter Degen;