advance ruling means a written interpretation issued by the customs administration of a Party on the application of a measure to a given set of facts and circumstances regarding a prospective importation of a good into its territory;
commercial importation means the importation of a good into the territory of any Party for the purpose of sale, or any commercial, industrial, or other like use;
customs administration means the competent authority that is responsible under the domestic law of a Party for the administration of customs laws and regulations;
customs value means "customs value" as defined in Article 415;
determination of origin means a determination as to whether a good qualifies as an originating good in accordance with Chapter Four (Rules of Origin);
exporter in the territory of a Party includes an exporter located in the territory of a Party or an exporter required under this Chapter to maintain records in the territory of that Party regarding exportations of a good;
identical goods means goods that are the same in all respects, including physical characteristics, quality and reputation, irrespective of minor differences in appearance that are not relevant to the determination of origin of such goods under Chapter Four (Rules of Origin);
importer in the territory of a Party includes an importer located in the territory of a Party or an importer required under this Chapter to maintain records in the territory of that Party regarding importations of a good;
preferential tariff treatment means the duty rate applicable to an originating good; and
producer includes a person that grows, mines, harvests, manufactures, processes, or assembles a good, or any combination thereof.