The size of a man's family is known and the riders see to it that he keeps all the working hands in the field. If the riders have any trouble with a Negro they are apt to take it out in physical punishment, to "wear him out," as the phrase goes. Thus resentment is seldom harbored against a Negro and there are many who claim that this physical discipline is far better than any prison regime in its effects upon the Negro. In spite of all that is done it is claimed that the Negroes are getting less reliable and that the chief dependence is now in the older men, the women and the children. One remark, made by a planter's wife, which impressed me as having a good deal of significance, was, "the Negroes do not sing as much now as formerly."

To get at anything like an accurate statement of the income and expenses of a Negro family is a difficult matter. The following account of three families will give a fair idea of their budget for part of the year at least.

Family No. 1 consists of five adults (over 14) and one child. They live in a two-roomed cabin and own one mule, two horses two cows. Their account with the landlord for the years 1900 and 1901 was:

1900. 1901.
To balance 1899$ 32.60 To balance 1900$ 15.21
Cash ($25.00) for mule36.00 Cash26.57
Clothing19.68 Clothing9.55
Feed15.20 Feed and seed44.19
Provisions23.00 Provisions26.29
Tools2.03 Tools.55
Interest and Recording Fee16.87 Interest and Recording Fee16.34
——
$145.38		 ——
$138.70

Their credit for 1901 was $10392, thus leaving a deficit for the beginning of the next year. As the advances stop in August or September, and the balance of the purchases are for cash and may be at other stores, there is no way of getting at them. In 1900 the family paid $201 toward the 85 acres they are purchasing, part of this sum probably coming from the crop of 1899, and in 1901 they made a further payment of $34. This family is doing much better than the average. It may be interesting to see a copy of his account for the year 1901 taken from the ledger of the planter.

Jan. 1.Balance 1900$ 15.21
Jan. 12.10 bu. corn, $5.00; fodder, $1.20; cash, $8.0014.20
Jan. 19.Cash for tax, $1.43; recording fee, $1.00; cash, $13.2515.68
Feb. 2.Plowshoes, $1.40; gents' hose, 10c; 20 yds. check, $1.00; 2 straw hats, $1.203.70
Feb. 2.23.5 bu. corn, $14.94; cash, 79c; shoes, $1.50; plow lines, 20c17.43
Mar. 15.15 yds. drilling, $1.20; 15 yds. check, 75c; 4.5 lbs. bacon, 48c2.43
Apr. 6.10 bu. corn, $7.00; 5 bu. cotton seed, $1.75; 4.5 lbs. bacon, 53c9.28
Apr. 12.Bu. meal, 65c; spool cotton, 5c; tobacco, 10c; 7 lbs. bacon, 81c; 5 bu. corn. $3.505.11
May 1.Cash, $1.00; 30 lbs. bacon, $3.45; work shoes, $1.10; gents' shoes, $1.25; half bu. meal, 35c7.15
May 1.30 lbs. bacon, $3.45; (25) 30 lbs. bacon, $3.30; sack meal, $1.358.10
June 8.2-3 bu. oats, 35c; 1-3 bu. corn, 25c; bu. meal, 70c; sack feed, $2.503.80
June 14.Sack meal, $1.35; 12 lbs. bacon, $1.32; cash, $1.00; (22) 12 lbs. bacon, $1.385.05
June 22.Sack meal, $1.35; sack feed, $2.50; plow sweep, 35c4.20
July 1.6 lbs. bacon, 69c; (5) sack feed, $2.60; half bu. meal, 35c; (9) bu. meal, 75c; 10 lbs. bacon, $1.155.54
July 18.8 lbs. bacon, 92c; (19) sack feed, $2.60; (25) bu. meal, 90c4.42
Aug. 6.Half bu. meal, 50c; 4 lbs. bacon, 46c; cash, 35c1.31
Aug. 6.Interest15.34
Oct. 6.Cash, 75c.75
———
$138.70

The second family consists of three adults and three children. They have three one-roomed cabins, own one mule and two cows, and are leasing fifty acres of land, the effort to buy it having proven too much. Their account for 1900 and 1901 was as follows:

1900. 1901.
Balance Jan. 1$ .50 Balance Jan. 1 $ 4.15
Cash9.00 Cash2.82
Clothing9.79 Clothing7.55
Feed11.50 Feed21.22
Provisions13.48 Provisions17.69
Tobacco.80 Tobacco.55
Tools, etc..40 Tools, etc..70
Interest and recording fee5.77 Interest and fee7.90
——
$52.24		 ——
$62.48