Pugnani, Gaetano, born 1727, died 1803, at Turin; pupil of Tartini. He travelled a great deal, and was from 1770 until his demise leader at the Turin Court theatre. He trained Viotti, amongst others.

Rab, Aug., Vice-Concertmeister at the Leipsic theatre and Gewandhaus orchestra; also leader at the Euterpe.

Ralph, Francis, born 1847, died Sept. 8th 1887; educated at the R. A. M., London, where he became one of the most valued teachers.

Rappoldi, Eduard, born Feb. 21st 1839, at Vienna; pupil of Jansa and Böhm. He was leader at Rotterdam, then Capellmeister at Lübeck, Stettin, and Prague, next teacher at the Berlin High School; then leader in the Court orchestra, Dresden, and since 1893 teacher at the Conservatorium there. Died 1903.

Rehfeldt, Fabian, born Jan. 23rd 1842, Tuchel; leader in the Royal orchestra, Berlin, since 1873; industrious composer.

Remenyi, Eduard, born 1830, at Heves in Hungary; studied at the Vienna Conservatorium. He interrupted his artistic career in order to take part in the Hungarian revolution and thus came to be an Adjutant of Görgey’s. He then fled to America, living subsequently in Weimar, London, St. Petersburg and Paris, also in South Africa, returning to Europe in 1892. Died San Francisco, 1898.

Ries, Hubert, born April 1st 1802, at Bonn, died Sept. 14th 1886, Berlin; pupil of Spohr; was leader in the Royal orchestra, Berlin, and produced many works for violin. His son

Ries, Franz, born 1846, Berlin; pupil of his father, and of Massart (Paris) was engaged at the Italian Opera, London, as violinist, but gave up performing in 1873 on account of a nervous affection of the arm, and founded a music business in Dresden. He composed many violin pieces and songs.

Ries, Louis, brother of Franz, was born in Berlin in 1830. He has occupied the post of 2nd violin at the Monday Popular Concerts since 1857.

Rietz, Eduard, born 1801, in Berlin, died 1832, brother of a former Dresden Capellmeister, Julius Rietz; was member of the Royal orchestra, Berlin.