[247] Skeat and Blagden, Pagan Races of the Malay Peninsula, II. pp. 95-9. For similar formulæ of dismission (which, of course, are constraining spells) see W. Ellis, Polynesian Researches, I. p. 522; and J. O. Dorsey, “Siouan Cults,” American Bureau of Ethnology, X. p. 420.
[248] Stigand, The Land of Zing, p. 250.
[249] For the practice of appointing certain seasons at which the whole tribe or nation unites in driving out ghosts or demons by force of arms (sometimes with the help of cannon and elephants), as obtaining at all levels of culture, from Australian savagery to the enlightenment of China and Peru, and with more decorum at Athens and Rome, see Frazer, The Scapegoat, ch. iii. § 2.
[250] C. G. Seligman, The Veddas, p. 131.
[251] Cambridge Expedition to Torres Straits, VI. p. 253.
[252] Vigfussen and Powell, Corpus Poeticum Boreale, I. p. 417. For further examples of affectionate interest in ghosts, see Primitive Culture, II. pp. 31-3.
[253] Hodson, The Naga Tribes of Manipur, p. 100.
[254] The Todas, p. 363.
[255] E. R. Smith, The Araucanians, p. 172.
[256] Coddrington, The Melanesians, p. 177.