[30] According to R. L. Garner, however, both gorillas and chimpanzees are polygamous. See Gorillas and Chimpanzees, pp. 54 and 214.
[31] This view is not opposed to the suggestion I have somewhere seen that the collecting activities of women, whilst men hunted, may, at some stage, have led to property and domestication of plants and animals. Again, the pastoral and agricultural states are not necessarily successive: it depends upon local conditions. For an excellent survey of the gradual rise of primitive culture and the difficulties it encountered, see H. Spencer’s Industrial Institutions, Principles of Sociology, Vol. III.
[32] It is certainly believed by fox-hunters that a fox feeds his vixen when she is occupied with their family, and that “if the vixen is killed he will bring up the family by himself.”—Thomas F. Dale, The Fox, pp. 12, 13.
Nothing incredible in this—nor of wolves. Can the vixen provide for herself and litter alone? If not, the dog must do it: else there could be no foxes or wolves.
However, de Canteleu denies that the he-wolf takes any part in rearing the young (La Chasse du Loup, p. 30).
[33] W. P. Pycraft, in his entertaining Courtship of Animals, after assuming that Man became a hunter for the sake of the excitement such a life afforded, goes on (p. 23): “A little later the advantages of neighbourliness were borne in on him, largely for the sake of the greater ease wherewith the animals of the chase could be captured by their combined efforts; but this begat comradeship and some of the graces that follow therefrom.”
[34] Descent of Man, ch. xx.
[35] See above, footnote on p. 32.
[36] Avebury, Prehistoric Times, 7th ed., p. 580.
[37] Inquiries into Human Faculty, p. 262.