Stellar atmospheres

by Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin

stars have been selected to represent that class. The figures in the final column refer to the notes to the table, which are listed under the respective atoms, and give the observed maximum, the intensities and origins of blended lines (in Rowland’s notation), and short remarks, which indicate whether or no the observed behavior is to be attributed to the line considered. Maxima that are obviously due to another line are placed in parentheses.

[TABLE XIX]

Atom		Series																Notes
H	3970.1		20.0	17.6	20.0	15.6	15.0	17.2	17.8	..	18.0	20.0	24.5	..	..	30.0	..	[1]
	4101.7		18.0	16.0	16.3	13.6	15.0	13.9	10.7	10.6	9.4	7.0	7.0	7.0	7.3	9.0	6.0	[2]
	4340.5		..	16.0	14.3	12.2	14.6	13.2	10.8	9.2	9.4	9.0	8.7	8.4	9.2	9.6	9.0	[3]
	4861.3		15.0	14.0	14.0	14.6	13.3	12.3	11.0	9.0	8.5	7.6	6.6	5.6	5.1	6.7	4.0	[4]
He	4713.4		..	..	..	..	6.5	8.2	7.5	6.0	6.7	4.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	[1]
	4713.1
	4121.0		..	..	..	..	8.5	9.5	11.0	9.2	6.4	4.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	[2]
	4120.9
	4471.7		..	6.5	8.5	8.0	11.0	11.5	11.6	11.8	11.1	9.7	8.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	[3]
	4471.5
	4026.4		4.0	6.9	9.0	8.0	12.0	12.7	14.0	15.4	12.0	10.8	8.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	[4]
	4026.2
	4921.9		..	..	..	..	10.0	12.4	10.7	10.0	10.0	7.0	4.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	[5]
	4387.9		..	..	4.0	4.0	10.0	10.3	11.0	11.5	9.2	..	4.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	[6]
	4143.8		..	..	5.0	4.0	9.6	10.0	10.7	12.0	7.5	4.9	3.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	[7]
	4009.3		..	..	..	..	7.0	9.1	10.2	11.4	5.8	4.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	[8]
He+	4685.8		em.	5.8	em.	6.0	4.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	[9]
	4541.6		6.0	5.3	5.5	6.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	[10]
	4199.9		5.0	3.5	6.1	5.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	[11]
	4025.6		4.0	6.9	9.0	8.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	[12]
C+	4267		0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5.0	7.4	7.7	8.0	7.8	4.5	3.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	[1]
Mg	5183.7
	5172.7		..	..	..	..	..	8.0	..	..	8.0	8.0	8.0	10.0	8.0	10.0	..	[1]
	5167.4
	4571.1		..	..	..	..	2.0	3.5	5.2	3.3	6.4	5.8	6.2	6.8	6.9	7.0	6.1	[2]
	4351.9		..	2.0	4.0	5.0	4.3	6.3	7.4	5.0	7.3	8.1	8.0	7.0	8.1	8.6	9.0	[3]
Mg+	4481.3		5.0	4.6	6.0	5.5	6.7	8.0	7.2	8.1	8.3	8.6	9.0	7.7	8.0	9.4	7.6	[4]
	4481.1
Al	3961.3		..	tr.	2.0	5.3	..	5.7	5.5	..	8.3	8.0	8.5	..	..	9.0	11.0	[1]
	3944.0		..	tr.	2.0	6.0	..	5.2	6.0	8.0	8.0	8.3	8.5	..	..	8.5	11.0	[2]
Si	3905		..	..	2.0	..	4.0	8.8	9.3	11.5	11.7	11.4	11.3	10.0	10.0	9.6	8.6	[1]
Si+	4131		..	..	..	..	2.0	3.0	2.7	3.5	4.4	3.6	6.2	9.3	7.0	..	..	[2]
	4128		..	..	..	..	2.0	3.0	2.7	3.5	4.4	3.6	6.2	9.3	7.0	..	..
Si++	4574		0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3.0	8.0	8.0	2.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	[3]
	4568		0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2.0	9.0	9.0	4.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	[4]
	4552		0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5.0	10.0	10.0	5.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	[5]
Si+++	4116		..	..	5.0	6.0	8.3	4.7	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	[6]
	4096		..	..	8.7	6.0	9.7	5.2	3.6	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	[7]
	4089		..	..	7.5	8.0	9.2	5.5	5.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	[8]
Ca	4581.4		0.0	0.0	0.0	3.0	2.5	4.2	6.7	5.0	7.7	8.1	7.8	8.0	7.1	8.3	6.2	[1]
	4454.8		0.0	0.0	0.0	3.0	5.0	2.6	5.0	6.2	6.0	5.1	5.0	4.8	4.4	5.6	5.0	[2]
	4434.9		0.0	0.0	0.0	4.0	4.3	5.2	6.2	6.0	7.5	7.6	7.9	9.2	8.8	9.7	9.3	[3]
	4307.7		0.0	3.3	3.0	4.4	3.6	4.9	6.5	7.2	9.5	8.6	8.6	10.3	10.5	12.0	13.1	[4]
	4302.5		0.0	0.0	0.0	..	8.0	..	3.5	..	..	5.5	..	4.0	4.5	5.0	8.0	[5]
	4299.0		0.0	0.0	3.0	5.2	5.0	6.8	7.4	6.5	6.6	8.0	8.0	8.6	7.9	..	6.0	[6]
	4289.4		0.0	0.0	3.0	4.4	4.6	7.6	7.8	6.7	8.2	7.4	7.7	8.6	9.3	11.4	10.5	[7]
	4283.0		0.0	0.0	0.0	..	5.0	3.0	..	..	4.0	5.0	6.1	5.0	6.0	8.0	4.4	[8]
	4226.7		3.0	2.3	3.0	5.8	6.3	7.9	9.3	8.6	10.4	9.7	11.7	13.6	14.5	14.2	16.0	[9]
Ca+	3968.5		20.0	17.6	20.0	15.6	15.0	17.2	17.8	20.0	18.0	20.0	24.5	..	..	30.0	..	[10]
	3933.7		5.0	10.3	13.3	13.8	15.0	17.1	20.0	20.0	19.6	20.0	21.5	..	..	30.0	..	[11]
Sc+	4246.8		0.0	3.0	2.0	6.0	5.0	6.0	7.0	5.0	6.3	5.6	5.3	5.6	5.4	8.6	6.8	[1]
	4320.8		0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3.8	5.5	4.0	4.0	3.5	3.8	4.5	4.0	5.0	4.0	[2]
Ti	4395.2		0.0	0.0	0.0	3.0	..	6.7	7.2	..	5.7	5.7	5.4	6.2	6.8	7.2	6.5	[1]
	4301.1		0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8.0	..	3.5	..	..	5.5	..	4.0	4.5	5.0	8.0	[2]
	4300.9		0.0	3.0	3.0	..	..	6.0	7.6	7.0	5.0	6.5	5.0	8.0	5.6	10.3	13.0	[3]
	4298.7		0.0	0.0	3.0	5.2	5.0	6.8	7.4	6.5	6.6	8.0	8.0	8.6	7.9	..	6.0	[4]
	4290.9		0.0	0.0	3.0	4.4	4.6	7.6	7.8	6.7	8.2	7.4	7.7	8.6	9.3	11.4	10.5	[5]
	4289.1
	4274.6		0.0	0.0	1.0	3.0	0.0	3.5	5.2	5.0	6.2	7.2	7.6	9.0	8.4	9.5	9.4	[6]
	3998.7		0.0	0.0	1.5	4.5	6.0	5.6	7.0	6.0	7.0	7.0	6.5	..	7.0	8.0	..	[7]
Ti+	4571.9		0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2.0	3.5	5.2	3.3	6.4	5.8	6.2	6.8	6.9	7.0	6.1	[8]
	4563.8		0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2.0	2.5	5.2	3.3	6.6	6.4	6.7	7.2	6.9	7.0	5.6	[9]
	4501.3		0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4.0	6.6	5.3	6.8	6.0	6.4	6.8	7.0	6.6	6.0	[10]
	4443.8		0.0	0.0	0.0	5.0	8.0	6.9	8.1	7.8	7.5	7.6	7.9	9.2	8.6	8.0	9.0	[11]
	4395.0		0.0	0.0	0.0	3.0	..	6.7	7.2	..	5.7	5.7	5.4	6.2	6.8	6.0	6.5	[12]
	4337.9		0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5.0	6.3	5.0	7.2	7.8	7.2	7.2	8.9	9.0	8.3	[13]
	4315.0		0.0	3.0	3.5	5.0	4.6	6.9	7.5	4.6	6.6	5.6	6.1	7.0	7.0	8.0	8.1	[14]
	4307.9		0.0	3.3	3.0	4.4	3.6	4.9	6.5	7.2	9.5	8.6	8.6	10.3	10.5	12.0	13.1	[15]
	4301.9		0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8.0	..	3.5	..	..	5.5	..	4.0	4.5	5.0	8.0	[16]
	4300.0		0.0	3.0	3.0	..	..	6.0	7.6	7.0	5.0	6.5	5.0	8.0	5.6	10.0	13.0	[17]
	4290.2		0.0	0.0	3.0	4.4	4.6	7.6	7.8	6.7	8.2	7.4	7.7	8.6	9.3	11.0	10.5	[18]
V	4395.2		0.0	0.0	0.0	3.0	0.0	6.7	7.2	..	5.7	5.7	5.4	6.2	6.8	7.2	6.5	[1]
	4379.2		0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3.0	2.5	3.0	3.7	2.5	2.8	3.5	3.0	4.0	4.2	[2]
	4332.8		0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4.0	..	..	4.5	5.0	4.5	5.0	4.0	5.0	4.2	[3]
	4330.1		0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4.5	5.0	4.5	4.5	4.0	3.5	3.8	[4]
Cr	4359.8		0.0	2.0	..	3.0	..	3.6	5.6	5.0	6.8	6.2	6.3	6.8	7.1	6.0	6.6	[1]
	4351.9		0.0	2.0	4.0	5.0	4.3	6.3	7.4	5.0	7.3	8.1	8.0	7.0	8.1	8.0	9.0	[2]
	4289.7		0.0	0.0	3.0	4.4	4.6	7.6	7.8	6.7	8.2	7.4	7.7	8.6	9.3	11.4	10.5	[3]
	4274.9		0.0	0.0	1.0	3.0	..	3.5	5.2	5.0	6.2	7.2	7.6	9.0	8.4	9.5	9.4	[4]
	4254.4		0.0	0.0	0.0	2.5	4.0	3.3	4.6	5.0	6.4	8.0	8.0	8.6	8.6	9.5	9.9	[5]
Mn	4451.6		0.0	2.0	3.0	..	3.0	2.0	..	..	6.0	4.0	3.5	5.0	..	5.0	5.0	[1]
	4414.9		3.0	2.3	3.3	4.8	4.6	6.4	8.0	7.2	7.0	6.5	7.2	7.6	7.4	7.0	8.0	[2]
	4041.4		0.0	0.0	0.0	2.5	2.0	1.9	5.2	3.5	6.0	4.8	4.8	5.5	6.0	6.0	6.0	[3]
	4036.5		0.0	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	3.3	4.0	..	..	..	..	[4]
	4034.5		0.0	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	5.0	3.6	4.0	..	6.0	..	..	[5]
	4033.1		0.0	..	..	..	..	..	5.0	6.0	6.0	4.3	5.0	..	7.0	..	..	[6]
	4030.8		0.0	2.0	1.0	3.6	4.0	4.0	5.7	5.5	7.0	5.4	6.4	7.0	8.0	8.5	8.0	[7]
	4068	unclas.	..	..	..	4.3	..	4.3	7.6	5.0	6.6	5.7	5.8	8.0	8.5	6.0	5.5	[8]
	4092	unclas.	..	..	..	3.0	..	..	..	3.0	4.0	4.2	4.2	5.0	5.0	6.0	5.5	[9]
Fe	4489.7		0.0	0.0	2.0	0.0	0.0	4.2	7.2	6.3	6.8	6.8	7.6	8.4	7.4	8.0	7.6	[1]
	4482.3		0.0	4.0	4.6	6.0	5.5	6.7	8.0	7.2	8.1	8.3	8.6	9.0	7.7	8.0	7.6	[2]
	4461.7		0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3.0	2.0	4.2	5.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.3	6.5	7.0	7.0	[3]
	4375.9		0.0	0.0	2.5	4.4	5.5	6.7	7.1	..	7.8	6.7	6.9	..	8.0	7.0	8.8	[4]
	4216.1		0.0	2.0	1.5	3.8	3.3	5.6	6.6	2.6	8.6	7.3	8.5	9.4	8.1	8.0	7.9	[5]
	4415.1		3.0	2.3	3.3	4.8	4.6	6.4	8.0	7.2	7.0	6.5	7.2	7.6	7.4	7.0	8.0	[6]
	4404.7		0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6.0	4.4	6.7	5.0	6.1	7.4	7.8	8.8	8.0	8.0	9.1	[7]
	43834		3.0	2.5	4.0	5.4	4.6	6.7	7.0	8.2	9.1	10.3	10.3	10.5	9.9	11.0	10.3	[8]
	4337.0		0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5.0	6.3	5.0	7.2	7.8	7.2	7.2	8.9	9.0	8.3	[9]
	4291.4		0.0	0.0	3.0	4.4	4.6	7.6	7.8	6.7	8.2	7.4	7.7	8.6	9.3	11.0	10.5	[10]
	4325.8		0.0	0.0	3.5	5.5	3.3	6.3	7.8	9.0	10.0	11.0	11.3	11.7	10.9	11.0	10.2	[11]
	4307.9		0.0	3.3	3.0	4.0	3.6	4.9	6.5	7.2	9.5	8.6	8.6	10.3	10.5	12.0	13.1	[12]
	4271.8		0.0	2.3	2.5	4.2	4.5	4.5	6.5	6.3	7.2	8.3	8.6	9.2	8.7	10.0	9.1	[13]
	4260.5		0.0	3.0	1.5	4.2	4.0	..	5.5	6.6	7.0	8.0	8.8	9.0	8.1	10.0	9.0	[14]
	4290.8		0.0	0.0	2.0	3.6	4.0	5.6	5.3	6.3	6.4	7.8	7.9	8.4	8.0	9.0	7.6	[15]
	4143.9		0.0	2.0	2.5	4.4	3.3	4.8	6.1	5.7	7.7	7.7	8.9	8.6	8.5	11.0	10.0	[16]
	4132.		0.0	3.6	2.0	4.0	2.0	4.2	6.0	4.0	6.0	5.2	5.5	6.0	6.5	5.0	4.0	[17]
	4071.7		0.0	2.0	2.0	4.0	3.0	4.3	6.6	5.7	7.8	7.5	9.2	9.0	9.0	9.5	8.6	[18]
	4063.6		0.0	2.0	2.0	3.6	4.0	4.8	5.8	5.6	7.2	7.5	8.0	9.0	8.0	9.5	9.0	[19]
	4045.8		0.0	2.0	2.5	4.6	5.0	5.6	6.9	7.6	8.8	9.2	10.3	10.6	8.6	11.0	10.8	[20]
	4005.2		0.0	0.0	2.5	4.6	5.5	5.0	6.3	6.0	8.3	7.2	6.6	9.0	8.0	7.0	..	[21]
	4299.2		0.0	3.0	3.0	..	..	6.0	7.6	7.0	5.0	6.5	5.0	8.0	5.6	10.3	13.0	[22]
	4271.2		0.0	2.3	2.5	4.2	4.5	4.2	6.5	6.3	7.2	8.3	8.6	9.2	8.7	10.0	9.1	[23]
	4260.5		0.0	3.0	1.5	4.2	4.0	..	5.5	6.6	7.0	8.0	8.0	9.0	8.1	8.5	9.0	[24]
	4250.1		0.0	0.0	2.0	3.6	4.0	5.6	5.3	6.3	6.4	7.8	7.9	8.4	8.0	9.0	7.6	[25]
	4187.8		0.0	0.0	2.0	5.0	6.0	..	..	..	6.0	5.5	6.0	..	..	..	8.0	[26]
	4482.3		0.0	4.0	4.6	6.0	5.5	6.7	8.0	7.2	8.1	8.3	8.6	9.0	7.7	8.0	7.6	[27]
	4408.4		0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4.0	3.5	5.7	4.0	5.6	6.0	6.0	8.0	7.9	7.0	9.0	[28]
	4352.7		0.0	2.0	4.0	5.0	4.3	6.3	7.4	5.0	7.3	8.1	8.0	7.0	8.1	8.0	9.0	[29]
	4315-1		0.0	3.0	3.5	5.0	4.6	6.9	7.5	4.6	6.6	5.6	6.1	7.0	7.0	8.0	8.1	[30]
	4282.4		0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5.0	3.0	..	..	4.0	5.0	6.1	5.0	6.0	8.0	4.4	[31]
	4258.4		0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4.0	4.8	..	4.5	5.2	4.3	4.5	5.3	10.0	4.0	[32]
	4216.2		0.0	2.0	1.5	3.8	3.3	5.6	6.6	2.6	8.6	7.3	8.5	9.4	8.1	9.5	7.9	[33]
	4134.3		0.0	0.0	0.0	3.0	2.0	4.0	3.5	4.5	5.5	5.2	5.6	7.0	7.0	5.0	5.5	[34]
	3953	unclas.	0.0	0.0	2.0	5.3	..	5.7	5.5	..	8.0	8.0	7.5	..	..	..	..	[35]
	3999	unclas.	0.0	0.0	1.5	4.5	6.0	5.6	7.0	6.0	7.6	7.0	6.5	..	7.0	8.0	..	[36]
	4172	unclas.	0.0	2.0	3.0	4.6	4.6	6.3	9.0	5.7	7.3	5.8	6.4	7.3	6.0	9.0	8.2	[37]
	4401	unclas.	0.0	0.0	0.0	3.0	6.0	6.6	8.0	6.2	6.8	6.0	5.5	6.2	6.9	6.0	6.5	[38]
	4462	unclas.	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3.0	2.0	4.2	5.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.3	6.5	7.2	7.0	[39]
	4476	unclas.	0.0	0.0	0.0	3.0	5.0	5.2	..	..	6.3	4.0	4.1	4.0	4.3	7.5	4.7	[40]
Fe+	4173.3		0.0	2.0	3.0	4.6	4.6	6.3	9.0	5.7	7.3	5.8	6.4	7.3	6.0	8.0	8.2	[41]
	4178.8		0.0	0.0	2.5	4.3	..	6.8	9.1	..	6.0	..	..	..	..	..	6.5	[42]
	4416.8		0.0	2.3	3.3	4.8	4.6	6.4	8.0	7.2	7.0	6.5	7.2	7.6	7.4	7.0	8.0	[43]
Zn	4810.5		0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	tr	..	tr	1	tr	0	..	0	..	..	[1]
	4722.2		0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	tr	tr	..	tr	1	tr	1-	..	1-	..	..	[2]
Sr	4607.3		0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2.0	4.0	..	7.0	..	8.5	8.0	8.7	9.0	9.2	[1]
Sr+	4215.5		..	2.0	1.5	3.8	3.3	5.6	6.6	2.6	8.6	5.3	8.5	9.4	8.1	8.0	7.9	[2]
	4077.7		..	4.2	2.5	4.2	5.0	6.9	8.4	8.6	9.2	7.8	9.5	9.3	8.3	11.0	10.8	[3]
Y+	4374.9		0.0	0.0	2.5	2.4	5.5	6.7	7.1	..	7.8	6.7	6.9	..	8.0	8.8	9.6	[1]
	4177.5		0.0	0.0	2.5	4.3	..	6.8	9.1	..	6.0	..	..	..	..	..	6.5	[2]
	4398.		..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	7.0	..	..	4.0	2.6	2.0	3.7	[3]
Ba+	4554		0.0	0.0	2.0	..	..	4.0	4.7	..	3.5	3.0	4.6	4.8	5.5	5.5	5.6	[1]

[NOTES ON OBSERVATIONAL MATERIAL]

NOTES TO TABLE XIX

Atom	Note	Max.	Blends	Remarks
H	[1]		..	No measures available across the whole range of these lines. They are blended with He+ in the types. For a discussion of the maximum of these lines, see [p. 166]
	[2]		..
	[3]		..
	[4]		..
He	[1],[2],[3], 4 [5],[6],[7],[8]		..	Maximum well determined. Unblended
	[4]		He+	See Note 12
	[9],[10],[11],[12]			Probably blended. See H. C. 263, 1924
C	[1]		..	Unblended
Mg	[1]	?	..	Effectively unblended. Material very meager
	[2]		..	Unblended
	[3]	none	; ;	Cr probably predominates
	[4]		-, ;	Fe predominates at lower temperature; Mg probably responsible for maximum
Al	[1]	none	..
	[2]	none	..
Si	[1]		-2; -1; ; -2; -1	Si predominates, and is responsible for maximum
	[2]
	[3][4],[5]		..
	[6]		..
	[7]		N++
	[8]
Ca	[1]		; ;	Ca probably responsible for rise at
	[2]		Ca, ; ; Mn, ; ;	Ca probably predominates. Enhanced line suspected near
	[3]		; ;	Calcium predominates. Enhanced line suspected near
	[4]	none	;	In band
	[5]	none	; ; -2; ; -2	Maximum undetermined. In band
	[6]		; -2; ; -1; Ti, Fe 4	Fe probably responsible for maximum
	[7]	?	; ; ; ; Ti;	Chromium (ultimate) line probably obliterates the Ca line. Maximum at due to Ca?
	[8]		;
	[9]	none		Unblended
	[10]	?		Hydrogen predominates before
	[11]	?		Unblended
Sc	[1]		Y? ;	Sc predominates, at least at maximum
	[2]		; -2	Sc predominates
Ti	[1]		; V,	Blended with Ti+. See Note 10
	[2]	(none)	; ; ; -2; -2	Ca causes rise at . Ti obliterated
	[3]			Ti+ causes rise at . Rise at unexplained
	[4]		; ; Ti,
	[5]	()	; ; Cr 5; ; ;	Ca and Cr cause rise at . Ti obliterated
	[6]	(none)	;	Cr (ultimate) line predominates
	[7]	none	; ; ;	Possibly an enhanced line accounts for maximum near ?
	[8]	(?)	;	Mg accounts for maximum at
	[9]	(?)		Unblended
	[10]	(?)	Ti, -5	Probably unblended
	[11]		;	Maximum at due to Fe
	[12]	?	; V,	Blended with Ti. See Note 1
	[13]	?	; ;	Fe predominates. Maximum uncertain
	[14]		;	Rise at due to Fe. In band
	[15]		;	Rowland gives no Ti. Other lines account for later maximum. In band
	[16]	?	; ;	Maximum undetermined. In band
	[17]			Unblended
	[18]	(?)	; ;	Cr accounts for strength in
V	[1]		; V,	Ti and Ti+ lines blended. V probably obliterated
	[2]	none		Unblended
	[3]	none	Ti, ;	V probably effective at low temperatures, as these are the ultimate lines
	[4]	none	N;
Cr	[1]			Unblended
	[2]	none	Nd? ;	Unblended
	[3]	none	; ; ;	Cr probably predominates
	[4]	none	; Cr ?	Cr predominates
	[5]	none		Unblended
Mn	[1]	none		Unblended
	[2]	none	;	Fe predominates?
	[3]	none	; ; Zr, -1
	[4]	none	; Mn ?	Mn predominates
	[5]	none	Mn-Fe ?
	[6]	none	Fe-Mn ?
	[7]		Fe, ; ;	Mn predominates?
	[8]		Fe-Mn 6
	[9]		; Co, ; ; V, Ca ?
Fe	[1]		Mn-Fe	Effectively unblended
	[2]	()	,	No. 2 the weaker line, Mn+ affects the line at and before , producing maximum at . See No. 27
	[3]	none	Fe-Mn, 3 ?	Effectively unblended
	[4]	none	Sc, Fe? 3; ; V,	Y+ accounts for maximum at
	[5]	-	Sr+	Due entirely to Sr+
	[6]	?	; ; -3	Maximum at due to Fe+
	[7]			Unblended
	[8]			Unblended
	[9]	()	; ;	Ti+ () causes maximum at ; possibly Cr () causes rise at
	[10]	()	; ;	Ti predominates?
	[11]		; ; Ti,	Fe probably predominates
	[12]	none	;	Ca produces rise in late classes?
	[13]			Unblended. Rise at unexplained
	[14]		Fe ?	Unblended. Rise at unexplained, unless due to second Fe line
	[15]		;	Rise at unexplained. See No. 25
	[16]		;
	[17]		; -3	Maximum at due to unknown line?
	[18]		;
	[19]		;
	[20]		; ;	Fe predominates
	[21]		; ? 3; ; -1, 1, 1
	[22]		; Ti, ;	Rise at due to Ca?
	[23]		;	No. 23 the weaker line
	[24]		; ;	No. 24 the strongest line
	[25]			See No. 15. Rise at unexplained
	[26]	?	;
	[27]		;	The stronger line. Responsible also for the maximum of line 2
	[28]		; ; ; ;	Rise at due to V
	[29]	none	; ;	Cr and Mn predominate. Cr (ultimate) line responsible for rise at
	[30]		;	Maximum at due to Fe+
	[31]		;	Ca produces rise at
	[32]		; ;	Rise at unexplained
	[33]		Sr+	Due entirely to Sr+
	[34]	-	; Fe? 3; V-Fe?;
	[35]	?	; Fe, -3; ; ; -, 1; Fe-Cr 3	Too heavily blended
	[36]		Co ?; ;	Maximum at unexplained. Rise at due to Ti (ultimate line)
	[37]		Cr, La, Mn, Ni, ; Ti, Fe2; Al?; Fe2	See Rowland, p. 37. An Fe+ line responsible
	[1][1]		; ;
	[39]	none	; Fe, ; Nd?	Rise at unexplained
	[40]	()	;	Rise at probably due to Ag
	[41]		; ; -3; -3	Maximum certainly due to Fe+. Neutral Fe causes rise in cool classes
	[42]		; -3; -1; -1N	Maximum due to ionized iron
	[43]		;	Maximum due to Fe+; later rise perhaps due to Mn
Zn	[1]			Unblended
	[2]			Unblended
Sr	[1]	none	;	Fe probably predominates, except perhaps at the lowest temperatures
	[2]		; Sr ?; Fe ?	Fe probably strong, but Sr responsible for part of maximum at
	[3]		Fe, ; ; ; La, Nd? ; ;	Maximum uncertain owing to heavy blending
Y	[1]		; -1; Sc,	Y+ gives the maximum
	[2]	?	; -3	Maximum ill determined, but probably due to Y+
	[3]	?	-1	Remark in Rowland:--in zircon but not in Zr
Ba	[1]	none		Unblended

CONSISTENCY OF RESULTS

The preceding tabulation summarizes the present state of the observational material bearing on the positions of the maxima of absorption lines. The comparison with theory is an important and difficult problem. The theoretical formulae contain as variables the temperature and the pressure; and the fractional concentration,