” and “
” in the column headed
refer to strengthening or weakening of lines, as observed by Baxandall[425] in a comparison of the solar spectrum with that of Capella. Baxandall’s estimates are inserted to supplement the present material. The numerous gaps in the table result from the difficulty of seeing the fainter lines in the dwarf spectrum.
[TABLE XXIV]
| Line | Element | Predicted Effect | Observed Effect | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| - | 0 | + |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | |||
| 3933 | Ca+ | * |  | | | +1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0? | + |
| 3944 | Al | u |  | .. | .. | +0 | + | -2 | .. | .. | .. | - |
| 3953 | Fe | n |  | ( ) | .. | +0 | + | -2 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| 3961 | Al | u | | .. | .. | +0 | + | -2 | .. | .. | .. | - |
| 3968 | Ca+ | * | | | | +1 | .. | -1 | .. | .. | 0? | + |
| 3999 | Ti | u | | .. | .. | +0 | .. | -1 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| 4005 | Fe | n | | .. | .. | +0 | .. | 0 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| 4031 | Mn | u | | .. | .. | -2 | -1 | -1 | .. | .. | 0 | .. |
| 4041 | Mn | n | | .. | .. | -1 | -1 | -2 | .. | .. | -0 | .. |
| 4046 | Fe | n | | .. | .. | -1 | -1 | 0 | -1 | -1 | -2 | .. |
| 4064 | Fe | n | | .. | .. | -1 | -2 | .. | +2 | 0 | -2 | .. |
| 4068 | FeMn | n | | .. | .. | -1 | .. | .. | +1 | -1 | .. | .. |
| 4072 | Fe,- | n | | .. | .. | 0 | +4 | .. | .. | -1 | -2 | .. |
| 4077 | Sr+ | * | | |  | 0 | 0 | +1 | s | 0 | +3 | + |
| 4084 | Fe | n | | .. | .. | -1 | +1 | 0 | 0 | .. | .. | .. |
| 4101 | H | n | | .. | .. | -1 | -1 | +1 | -4 | 0 | -1 | + |
| 4132 | Fe | n | | .. | .. | 0 | +2 | +1 | .. | +0 | -1 | .. |
| 4135 | Fe | n | | .. | .. | -1 | .. | 0 | .. | +0 | .. | .. |
| 4144 | Fe | n | | .. | .. | -1 | 0 | +2 | 0 | +0 | -1 | .. |
| 4167 | ? | -1 | .. | -1 | -1w | 0 | .. | .. | ||||
| 4172 | Fe+ | * | |  | +1 | +1 | +3 | +1 | +0 | .. | .. | |
| 4177 | Fe+ | * | | | +1 | .. | +2 | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| 4215 | Sr+ | * | | | | 0 | 0 | +2 | +3 | +0 | +1 | + |
| 4227 | Ca | u | | .. | .. | -1 | -1 | 0 | -2 | -0 | -2 | - |
| 4247 | Sc+ | * | .. | | | 0 | .. | +1 | .. | +1 | .. | .. |
| 4250 | Fe | n | | .. | .. | 0 | -2 | -1 | -2 | -1 | -2 | .. |
| 4254 | Cr | u | | .. | .. | -1 | .. | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | .. |
| 4260 | Fe | n | | .. | .. | -1 | -2 | -1 | -2 | .. | -1 | - |
| 4272 | Fe | n | | .. | .. | -1 | -2 | .. | 0 | +0 | -1 | .. |
| 4275 | Br | u | | .. | .. | -1 | .. | .. | 0 | +0 | -1 | .. |
| 4290 | Cr | u | | .. | .. | 0 | -2 | 0 | .. | +0 | -1 | .. |
| 4298 | Ti, Ca | | .. | .. | -1 | -2 | 0 | .. | 0 | .. | .. | |
| 4308 | Fe | n | | .. | .. | 0 | +1 | 0 | .. | .. | -1 | .. |
| 4315 | Fe+ | * | .. | | | 0 | +1 | +2 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| 4321 | Sc+ | * | .. | | | +1 | .. | .. | s | .. | .. | .. |
| 4326 | Fe | n | | .. | .. | 0 | +1 | +1 | -2w | 0 | -2 | .. |
| 4340 | H | n | | .. | .. | -2 | -7 | -1 | -4 | -0 | -1 | + |
| 4352 | CrMg | ? | .. | .. | 0 | +2 | 0 | +1 | +0 | -3 | .. | |
| 4360 | Cr | n | | .. | .. | 0 | .. | +1 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| 4370 | Fe | n | | .. | .. | +1 | .. | 0 | .. | +0 | .. | .. |
| 4376 | Y+ | * | .. | | | -1 | +2 | 0 | .. | +1 | +2 | .. |
| 4383 | Fe | n | | .. | .. | 0 | +3 | +1 | -2 | -4 | -2 | .. |
| 4405 | Fe | n | | .. | .. | -1 | .. | .. | 0 | -1 | -2 | .. |
| 4415 | Fe+ | * | .. | | | +1 | 0 | +3 | 0 | 0 | -1 | .. |
| 4435 | Ca | n | | .. | .. | -1 | .. | +1 | .. | 0 | -2 | - |
| 4444 | Ti+ | * | .. | | | 0 | 0 | +1 | s | -3 | .. | .. |
| 4455 | Ca | n | | .. | .. | -2 | .. | -1 | w | -1 | -3 | - |
| 4476 | Fe | n | | .. | .. | -1 | .. | +1 | -1 | .. | .. | .. |
| 4481 | Mg+ | * | .. | .. | | -1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | +0 | +1 | .. |
| 4490 | Fe | n | | .. | .. | 0 | .. | .. | +1 | -0 | +2 | .. |
It is seen from the table that the general agreement with the anticipations of theory is satisfactory, and that the deviations, when they occur, rarely exceed one unit. The agreement is not less good than would be expected of the material, since the measures are here used differentially. The majority of the discrepancies are apparently accidental; for example, the deviations shown by the first six entries in the first column are almost certainly the result of better definition in the giant spectrum. There remains, however, the same discrepancy for the lines of Sr+ that was noted in the earlier part of the chapter. There can be no doubt that these lines are stronger in giants than in dwarfs.
The strengthening of the ionized lines of the alkaline earths is explained, when the spectra are examined, by the fact that the neutral lines are still fairly strong long after the ionized lines have passed their maximum—neutral strontium[426] is found at