HORSE-POWER OF PELTON WHEEL.
The Pelton wheel is in high favor with California miners. When the head of water is known in feet, multiply by 0.0024147 and the product is the horse-power that one miner's inch of water will give.
ASSAYING.
The muffle furnaces of the Morgan Crucible Company of Battersea are favorably known. The most useful size is that taking a "D" Muffle, 8½ inches by 5 inches by 3¼ inches.
A CHEAP "TESTING" OUTFIT.
Sometimes the pioneer is forced to attempt a good many investigations with very simple apparatus. Should he possess the following, he can achieve much: A spirit lamp, candle, blow-pipe, magnet, a bottle of hydrochloric acid, quart glass jar, three test tubes with corks, two feet of glass tubing (hard glass), copper wire, two square inches of tin plate, forceps and test paper. Such an outfit could certainly be bought for $1.
WEIGHT OF EARTH, SAND, GRAVEL, ETC.
- A ton of shingle averages 23 cubic feet.
- A ton of pit sand averages 22 cubic feet.
- A ton of earth averages 21 cubic feet.
- A ton of river sand averages 19 cubic feet.
- A ton of coarse gravel averages 19 cubic feet.
- A ton of clay averages 18 cubic feet.
- A ton of marl averages 18 cubic feet.
- A ton of chalk averages 14 cubic feet.
WEIGHTS OF ORES AND ROCKS.
Quartz, 162 pounds a cubic foot; silver glance, 455 pounds; ruby silver, 362; brittle silver, 386; horn silver, 345; antimony glance, 287; cinnabar, 549; copper pyrites, 262; gray copper, 280; galena, 461; zinc blende, 249; iron pyrites, 312; limestone, 174; clay, 162.