Fig. 19.—White Pine Forest.
There are several varieties of pine besides those above mentioned. These are generally less desirable for finish or for construction than is the white, yellow, or Carolina pine, but they are used extensively for the common work of light building, and by box factories.
(V.) Poplar or whitewood (dec.) is cut from the tulip tree, and is found principally in the Middle West and in some parts of the South. It is of light weight and color, with few knots, and is soft and easily worked. It is used for the common grades of cabinet work, inside finishing, veranda posts, etc. It takes a stain remarkably well, and its even texture makes it a favorite with wood carvers. It warps and shrinks considerably in seasoning, and unless held in its place, it is apt to twist.
(W.) Redwood (con.) is taken from the big trees on the Pacific slope; it is straight-grained, soft, and free from knots, and may be obtained in boards of any size which it is possible to cut. It has the reputation of being one of the best woods for use in trying conditions, or where it will be exposed to alternations of dryness and moisture.
It has a very coarse grain and takes a finish well, but it is not apt to become very popular for inside finish, as it is easily marred, and, although very soft, will, when thoroughly dry, destroy the edge of tools quicker than many harder woods. It turns to a dull, unattractive brown as it ages, if it is finished in its natural color.
It is claimed by many to be the best wood for shingles, as it resists decay indefinitely. It shrinks both ways of the grain, and burns very slowly.
Fig. 20.—Douglas Spruce Forest.
(X.) Spruce (con.) is moderately hard and strong, and in New England is used generally for framing light buildings and for rough boarding. Its color is almost pure white, and it has the valuable quality of holding nails firmly. There is little difference between the heart and the sap wood, and its texture is sometimes such that it is difficult to distinguish it from white pine. It warps and twists badly in seasoning, and on that account is not suitable for framing trusses, unless seasoned lumber is used.