Hernia—especially if incarcerated.
Placenta previa.
Prolapse of the cord.
Face and brow presentations.
Contracted pelvis.
Occipito-posterior positions.
Dangers From Forceps.—
Injuries to Child.—Overcompression, especially with axis traction forceps or in contracted pelvis.
Crushing of soft parts, or such lesions as abrasions, pressure marks, hæmatomata, swelling of face and eyelids.
Bone injuries: Spoon-shaped depression where the head has been dragged through a narrow inlet; fissures in the parietal or frontal bones; fractures. When axis traction forceps are applied antero-posteriorly, the occipital bone may be sprung inwards until it cuts the medulla.