Both sides now recognized the magnitude of the undertaking; the indomitable resolution of their opponents; and the need of thoroughly disciplining their troops, of organizing all branches of the military and naval service, and gathering stores, and distributing forces in accordance with the plan proposed by each.
This period continued until Feb., 1862. The U. S. Navy was increased from 42 vessels at the beginning of the war to about 300 at the close of this preparatory period. These blockaded the South and served for transport and attack. Two series of operations were planned by the U. S. government for the land forces: one in the Mississippi Valley and one in Virginia. In the meantime the Confederate leaders saw that it was impossible to invade the North as they had proposed without long preparation and large armies. They organized with speed but were thrown on the defensive.
1861.
Apr. 7—Steamer Atlantic, with troops and supplies for Ft. Sumter, sailed from New York.
” 8—The Federal Government notified South Carolina that provisions would be sent to Maj. Anderson, by force, if necessary. U. S. State Department refused to recognize the Commissioners from the Confederate States.
” 11—Troops are gathered in Washington, and oath of allegiance administered. Confederate Commissioners leave Washington.
Gen. Beauregard demands the surrender of Ft. Sumter. Maj. Anderson refuses.
Bombardment of Ft. Sumter.
” 12—This was the real commencement of the Civil War. Batteries were constructed on Morris and Sullivan islands, and Cumming’s Point. The Confederate forces employ Ft. Moultrie, and a floating battery, in addition, against Ft. Sumter.
The South Carolina Legislature appropriate $500,000 to arm the State.