Roleia, August 17, 1808.
Vimiera, August 21, 1808.
Sahagun, December 21, 1808.
Benevente, January 3, 1809.
Corunna, January 16, 1809.
The Douro, May 24, 1809.
Talavera, July 27, 1809.
Busaco, September 27, 1810.
Barrosa, March 4, 1811.
Fuentes d'Onor, May 5, 1811.
Albuera, May 16, 1811.
Ciudad Rodrigo, January, 1812.
Badajoz, March and April, 1812.
Salamanca, July 22, 1812.
Vittoria, June 21, 1813.
Pyrenees, July 28 to August 2, 1813.
St. Sebastian, August and September, 1813.
Nivelle, November 10, 1813.
Nive, December 9-13, 1813.
Orthes, February 27, 1814.
Toulouse, April 10, 1814.
Subsequently the issue of the medal was sanctioned to the survivors of the following operations:
Egypt, 1801.
Maida, 1806.
Martinique, 1809.
Guadeloupe, 1810.
Java, 1811.
Fort Detroit, August, 1812.
Châteaugay, October, 1813.
Chrystler's Farm, November 1, 1813.
Efforts were made, but unsuccessfully, to extend the medal so as to include the capture of the Cape of Good Hope, of Mauritius, and the war in Nepaul. It will be noticed that the medal was granted for services extending from the Egyptian campaign of 1801 to the Battle of Toulouse in 1814; yet the medal bears the dates 1794-1814, and is graced with the head of the young Queen Victoria, who was not born until five years after Toulouse was fought.
In February, 1851, a similar medal was granted to the survivors of the many campaigns waged in India between the years 1798 and 1826; with it were issued the following clasps:
Seringapatam.
Assaye.
Argaum.
Deig.
Seetabuldee.
Corygaum.
Alli Ghur.
Assurghur.
Gawalghur.
Nepaul.
Nagpore.
Ava.
Delhi, 1803.
Laswarree.
Delhi, 1804.
Kirkee.
Maheidpore.
Bhurtpore.
The issue of the Peninsular Medal inaugurated a new system with regard to the rewards for military services, and henceforth the officers and men of the navy and army have been rewarded with a medal for practically every campaign in which they have been engaged. Times have indeed changed. In the early days of the Peninsular War the Duke of Wellington refused to recommend the issue of the gold medal (which was only granted to field officers) except to those who had been actually under the musketry fire of the enemy. Ninety years later we have seen a medal granted for garrison service in Malta and St. Helena the while a war was in progress in South Africa.