The author makes no claim to originality of content, since the facts presented are well known to every bacteriologist, though the method of presentation is somewhat different from texts in general. During the preparation of this work he has made a thorough review of the literature of Bacteriology, covering the standard text-books as well as works of reference and the leading periodicals dealing with the subject. Thus the latest information has been incorporated.
No attempt has been made to give detailed references in a work of this character.
The photomicrographs are original except where otherwise indicated and are all of a magnification of one thousand diameters where no statement to the contrary appears. These photographs were made with a Bausch & Lomb Projection Microscope fitted with a home-made camera box. Direct current arc light was used and exposures were five to ten seconds. Photographs of cultures are also original with a few indicated exceptions. All temperatures are indicated in degrees centigrade.
For use of electrotypes or for prints furnished the author is indebted to the following: A. P. Barber Creamery Supply Company, Chicago, Ill.; Bausch & Lomb Optical Company, Rochester, N. Y.; Creamery Package Manufacturing Company, Chicago, Ill.; Davis Milk Machinery Company, North Chicago, Ill.; Mr. C. B. Hoover, Superintendent of Sewage Disposal Plant, Columbus, O.; Mr. C. P. Hoover, Superintendent of Water Filtration Plant, Columbus, O.; The Hydraulic Press Manufacturing Company, Mt. Gilead, O.; Loew Manufacturing Company, Cleveland, O.; Metric Metal Works, Erie, Pa.; Sprague Canning Machine Company, Chicago, Ill.; U. S. Marine Hospital Service; Wallace and Tiernan Company, New York City, N. Y.
For the preparation of many cultures and slides, for great assistance in the reading of proof and in the preparation of the index, Miss Vera M. McCoy, Instructor in Bacteriology, deserves the author’s thanks.
The author trusts that the book will find a place in College and University courses in Bacteriology.
C. B. M.
CONTENTS
| Historical Introduction—Spontaneous Generation—Causation of Disease—Putrefaction and Fermentation—Study of Forms—Chronological Table | [17] |
| [CHAPTER I.] | |
| Position of Bacteria—Relationships to Algæ—Yeasts—Molds—Protozoa | [37] |
| [PART I.] MORPHOLOGY. | |
|---|---|
| [CHAPTER II.] | |
| Cell Structures—Cell Wall—Protoplasm—Plasmolysis—Plasmoptysis—Nucleus—Vacuoles—Capsules—Metachromatic Granules—Flagella—Spores | [41] |
| [CHAPTER III.] | |
| Cell Forms—Coccus—Bacillus—Spirillum—Involution Forms | [52] |
| [CHAPTER IV.] | |
| Cell Groupings | [55] |
| [CHAPTER V.] | |
| Classification—Migula’s—Society of American Bacteriologists’—Key to the Latter | [59] |
| [PART II.] PHYSIOLOGY. | |
| [CHAPTER VI.] | |
| Occurrence—General Conditions for Growth—Moisture—Temperature—Light—Oxygen—Osmotic Pressure—Electricity—X-rays and Radium Emanations—Pressure—Mechanical Vibration | [71] |
| [CHAPTER VII.] | |
| Chemical Environment—Reaction of Medium—Chemical Composition | [81] |
| [CHAPTER VIII.] | |
| Chemical Environment (Continued)—General Food Relationships—Metabolism of Elements | [86] |
| [CHAPTER IX.] | |
| Physiological Activities—Fermentation of Carbohydrates—Splitting of Fats | [93] |
| [CHAPTER X.] | |
| Physiological Activities (Continued)—Putrefaction of Proteins—Cycles of Nitrogen, Carbon, Sulphur, Phosphorus | [102] |
| [CHAPTER XI.] | |
| Physiological Activities (Continued)—Production of Acids, Gases, Esters, Alcohols, Aldehydes, Aromatic Compounds—Phosphorescence—Chromogenesis—Reduction—Oxidation—Production of Heat—Absorption of Free Nitrogen—Nitrogen Nutrition of Green Plants | [110] |
| [CHAPTER XII.] | |
| Physiological Activities (Continued)—Production of Enzymes—Discussion on Enzymes—Toxins—Causation of Disease | [121] |
| [CHAPTER XIII.] | |
| Disinfection—Sterilization—Disinfectants—Physical Agents—Pasteurization | [130] |
| [CHAPTER XIV.] | |
| Disinfection and Sterilization (Continued)—Chemical Agents—Anilin Dyes | [156] |
| [CHAPTER XV.] | |
| Disinfection and Sterilization (Continued)—Choice of Agent—Standardization of Disinfectants—Phenol Coefficient—Practical Sterilization and Disinfection | [164] |
| [PART III.] THE STUDY OF BACTERIA. | |
| [CHAPTER XVI.] | |
| Culture Media—Broth, Milk, Gelatin, Agar, Potatoes, Blood Serum—Standardization of Media—H-ion Concentration Method—Synthetic Media | [171] |
| [CHAPTER XVII.] | |
| Methods of Using Culture Media—Culture Tubes—Plates—Anaërobic Cultures—Vignal Tubes—Fermentation Tubes—Deep Culture Tubes—Novy Jars—Inoculation of Culture Media | [184] |
| [CHAPTER XVIII.] | |
| Isolation of Bacteria in Pure Culture—Dilution—Plating—Streaking—Barber Apparatus—Aids in Isolation—Heat—Selective Antiseptics—Selective Food—-Indicators—Animal Inoculation | [194] |
| [CHAPTER XIX.] | |
| Study of the Morphology of Bacteria—Bacteriological Microscope—Hanging Drop Slides—Staining—Gram’s Method—Spores—Acid-fast Bacilli—Capsules—Flagella—Metachromatic Granules | [200] |
| [CHAPTER XX.] | |
| Study of the Physiology of Bacteria—Temperature—Incubators—Thermal Death Point—Oxygen Relationships—Study of Physiological Activities—Appearance of Growth on Culture Media—Appearance of Molds on Plate Cultures | [213] |
| [CHAPTER XXI.] | |
| Animal Inoculation—Material for Bacteriological Examination | [227] |
| [PART IV.] GENERAL PATHOGENIC BACTERIOLOGY. | |
| [CHAPTER XXII.] | |
| Introduction—Infection—Acute Infection—Chronic Infection—Specific—Non-specific—Koch’s Postulates—Virulence—Susceptibility | [231] |
| [CHAPTER XXIII.] | |
| Pathogenic Bacteria Outside the Body—As Saprophytes—As Facultative Saprophytes—Latent—Carriers—Universal Carriers—Accidental Carriers—Necessary Intermediate Hosts | [237] |
| [CHAPTER XXIV.] | |
| Channels of Infection—Skin—Mucosæ—Respiratory Tract—Alimentary Tract—Mechanism of Entrance of Organisms—Dissemination in the Body—Paths of Elimination—Specificity of Location | [243] |
| [CHAPTER XXV.] | |
| Immunity—Natural—Artificial—Active—Passive—Production of Immunity—Vaccine—Antiserum—Practical Applications of Immunity Reactions | [250] |
| [CHAPTER XXVI.] | |
| Theories of Immunity—Pasteur—Chauveau—Baumgärtner—Metchnikoff—Ehrlich—Principles of Ehrlich’s Theory | [256] |
| [CHAPTER XXVII.] | |
| Ehrlich’s Theory (Continued)—Receptors of the First Order—Antitoxin—Antienzyme—Preparation of Antitoxins—Units | [261] |
| [CHAPTER XXVIII.] | |
| Ehrlich’s Theory (Continued)—Receptors of the Second Order—Agglutinins—Agglutination Reaction—Precipitins—Precipitin Test | [265] |
| [CHAPTER XXIX.] | |
| Ehrlich’s Theory (Continued)—Receptors of the Third Order—Cytolysins—Amboceptor—Complement—Anti-amboceptors—Antisnake Venoms—Failure of Cytolytic Serums in Practice—Complement-fixation Test | [271] |
| [CHAPTER XXX.] | |
| Phagocytosis—Opsonins—Opsonic Index—Bacterial Vaccines—Preparation of—Use of—Lipovaccines—Aggressins | [280] |
| [CHAPTER XXXI.] | |
| Anaphylaxis—Author’s Theory—Tuberculin Test—Table of Antigens and Antibodies—Summary of Immunity as Applied to Protection from Disease | [289] |