SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION—BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY.
THE CHEROKEE NATION OF INDIANS:
A NARRATIVE OF THEIR OFFICIAL RELATIONS WITH THE COLONIAL AND FEDERAL GOVERNMENTS.
BY
CHARLES C. ROYCE.

Fifth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1883—1884, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1887, pages 121—378.

CONTENTS.

Page.
[Introduction][129]
[Cessions of land—Colonial period][130]
[Cessions of land—Federal period][131]
[Treaty of November 28, 1785][133]
[Material provisions][133]
[Historical data][134]
[De Soto's expedition][134]
[Early traditions][136]
[Early contact with Virginia colonists][138]
[Early relations with Carolina colonists][138]
[Mention by various early authors][139]
[Territory of Cherokees at period of English settlement][140]
[Population][142]
[Old Cherokee towns][142]
[Expulsion of Shawnees by Cherokees and Chickasaws][144]
[Treaty relations with the colonies][144]
[Treaty relations with the United States][152]
[Proceedings at treaty of Hopewell][153]
[Treaty of July 2, 1791][158]
[Material provisions][158]
[Historical data][160]
[Causes of dissatisfaction with boundary of 1785][160]
[Tennessee Company's purchase][162]
[Difficulties in negotiating new treaty][162]
[Survey of new boundaries][163]
[Treaty of February 17, 1792][169]
[Material provisions][169]
[Historical data][169]
[Discontent of Cherokees][169]
[War with Cherokees][170]
[Treaty of June 26, 1794][171]
[Material provisions][171]
[Historical data][171]
[Complaints concerning boundaries][171]
[Cherokee hostilities][173]
[Intercourse act of 1796][173]
[Treaty of October 2, 1798][174]
[Material provisions][174]
[Historical data][175]
[Disputes respecting territory][175]
[Treaty of October 24, 1804][183]
[Material provisions][183]
[Historical data][184]
[New treaty authorized by Congress][184]
[Wafford's settlement][186]
[Further negotiations authorized][187]
[Treaty of October 25, 1805][189]
[Material provisions][189]
[Treaty of October 27, 1805][190]
[Material provisions][190]
[Historical data respecting this treaty and the preceding one][190]
[Continued negotiations authorized][190]
[Controversy concerning "Doublehead" tract][192]
[Treaty of January 7, 1806][193]
[Material provisions][193]
[Treaty of September 11, 1807][194]
[Material provisions][194]
[Historical data][195]
[Controversy concerning boundaries][195]
[Explanatory treaty negotiated][197]
[Treaty of March 22, 1816, ceding land in South Carolina][197]
[Material provisions][197]
[Treaty of March 22, 1816, defining certain boundaries, etc][198]
[Material provisions][198]
[Historical data][199]
[Colonel Earle's negotiations for the purchase of iron ore tract][199]
[Tennessee fails to conclude a treaty with the Cherokees][201]
[Removal of Cherokees to the west of the Mississippi proposed][202]
[Efforts of South Carolina to extinguish Cherokee title][204]
[Boundary between Cherokees, Creeks, Choctaws, and Chickasaws][205]
[Roads through the Cherokee country][208]
[Treaty of September 14, 1816][209]
[Material provisions][209]
[Historical data][210]
[Further purchase of Cherokee lands][210]
[Treaty of July 8, 1817][212]
[Material provisions][212]
[Historical data][214]
[Policy of removing Indian tribes to the west of the Mississippi River][214]
[Further cession of territory by the Cherokees][216]
[Treaty of February 27, 1819][219]
[Material provisions][219]
[Historical data][221]
[Cherokees west of the Mississippi—their wants and condition][221]
[Disputes among Cherokees concerning emigration][222]
[Public sentiment in Tennessee and Georgia concerning Cherokee removal][223]
[Treaty concluded for further cession of land][225]
[Status of certain Cherokees][228]
[Treaty of May 6, 1828][229]
[Material provisions][229]
[Historical data][231]
[Return J. Meigs and the Cherokees][231]
[Tennessee denies validity of Cherokee reservations][232]
[United States agree to extinguish Indian title in Georgia][233]
[Cherokee progress in civilization][240]
[Failure of negotiations for further cession of lands][241]
[Cherokee Nation adopts a constitution][241]
[Cherokee affairs west of the Mississippi][242]
[Treaty of February 14, 1833][249]
[Material provisions][249]
[Historical data][251]
[Conflicting land claims of Creeks and Cherokees west of the Mississippi][251]
[Purchase of Osage half-breed reserves][252]
[President Jackson refuses to approve treaty of 1834][252]
[Treaty of December 29, 1835][253]
[Material provisions][253]
[Treaty of March 1, 1836 (supplementary articles)][257]
[Material provisions][257]
[Historical data][258]
[Zealous measures for removal of Eastern Cherokees][258]
[General Carroll's report on the condition of the Cherokees][259]
[Failure of Colonel Lowry's mission][262]
[Decision of Supreme Court in "Cherokee Nation v. Georgia"][262]
[Failure of Mr. Chester's mission][262]
[Decision of Supreme Court in "Worcester v. Georgia"][264]
[Disputed boundaries between Cherokees and Creeks][266]
[Cherokees plead with Congress and the President for justice][272]
[Cherokees propose an adjustment][274]
[Cherokees memorialize Congress][275]
[Treaty negotiations resumed][278]
[Report of Major Davis][284]
[Elias Boudinot's views][285]
[Speech of General R. G. Dunlap][285]
[Report of General John E. Wool][286]
[Report of John Mason, Jr.][286]
[Henry Clay's sympathy with the Cherokees][287]
[Policy of the President criticised—Speech of Col. David Crockett][288]
[General Winfield Scott ordered to command troops in Cherokee country][291]
[John Ross proposes a new treaty][291]
[Cherokees permitted to remove themselves][292]
[Dissension among Cherokees in their new home][292]
[Cherokees charge the United States with bad faith][296]
[Per capita payments under treaty of 1835][297]
[Political murders in Cherokee Nation][297]
[Adjudication commissioners appointed][298]
[Treaty of August 6, 1846][298]
[Material provisions][298]
[Historical data][300]
[Cherokees desire a new treaty][300]
[Feuds between the "Ross," "Treaty," and "Old Settler" parties][301]
[Death of Sequoyah, or George Guess][302]
[Old Settler and Treaty parties propose to remove to Mexico][302]
[More political murders][303]
[Negotiation of treaty of 1846][304]
[Affairs of the North Carolina Cherokees][313]
[Proposed removal of the Catawba Indians to the Cherokee country.][317]
[Financial difficulties of the Cherokees][318]
[Murder of the Adairs and others][319]
[Financial distresses—New treaty proposed][320]
[Slavery in the Cherokee Nation][321]
[Removal of white settlers on Cherokee land][322]
[Fort Gibson abandoned by the United States][322]
[Removal of trespassers on neutral land][323]
[John Ross opposes survey and allotment of Cherokee domain][324]
[Political excitement in 1860][324]
[Cherokees and the Southern Confederacy][326]
[Cherokee troops for the Confederate army][328]
[A Cherokee Confederate regiment deserts to the United States][329]
[Ravages of war in the Cherokee Nation][332]
[Treaty of July 19, 1866][334]
[Material provisions][334]
[Treaty of April 27, 1868 (supplemental)][340]
[Material provisions][340]
[Historical data][341]
[United States desire to remove Indians from Kansas to Indian Territory][341]
[Council of southern tribes at Camp Napoleon][341]
[General council at Fort Smith][341]
[Conference at Washington, D. C.][345]
[Cession and sale of "Cherokee strip" and "neutral lands"][348]
[Appraisal of confiscated property—census][351]
[New treaty concluded but never ratified][351]
[Boundaries of the Cherokee domain][354]
[Delawares, Munsees, and Shawnees join the Cherokees][356]
[Friendly tribes to be located on Cherokee lands west of 96°][358]
[East and north boundaries of Cherokee country][365]
[Railroads through Indian Territory][366]
[Removal of intruders—Cherokee citizenship][367]
[General remarks][371]

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Page.
Plate [VII].Earliest map showing location of the Cherokees. 1597[128]
[VIII].Map of the former territorial limits of the Cherokee Nation ofIndians, exhibiting the boundaries of the various cessions ofland made by them to the colonies and to the United States.1884[1]
[IX].Map showing the territory originally assigned to the CherokeeIndians west of the Mississippi River; also, the boundaries ofthe territory now occupied or owned by them. 1884[1][Maps]

BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY—FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT PL. VII

EARLIEST MAP SHOWING LOCATION OF THE CHEROKEES—1597.

Click on image to enlarge.