Populus nìgra var. itálica Du Roi. Lombardy Poplar. Reference is made to this tree by Blatchley[80], Meyncke[81] and Nieuwland[82] but it is scarcely more than an accidental escape.
Carya aquática Nuttall. Water Hickory. This species is listed as one of the principal trees occurring along the Wabash in the Coblenz edition of Prince Maximilan's travels in North America. It is recorded as "Water Bitternut (Juglans aquatica)." If it occurs in our area it most likely would be found in the extreme southwestern counties. It has been reported from Gallatin County, Illinois, bordering Posey County on the west. There are two other records of its occurrence in the State, which are doubtful. Ryland T. Brown[83] reported it in a list of the principal trees of Fountain County in a report of the geology of Fountain County. Carya laciniosa, which is sometimes called swamp hickory and which is more or less frequent in the county, he failed to report. It is believed this reference to Carya aquatica should be referred to laciniosa. B. C. Hobbs also reported it as common in Parke County in a short list of the principal trees. He named only four of the five or more species of hickory that occur in the county, and it is believed since he was no botanist, that he confused the names. Elliott in his Trees of Indiana gives "Carya aquatica" as common, but no doubt this reference should be transferred to some other species.
Carya myristicæfórmis Nuttall. Nutmeg Hickory. This tree also was reported by Prince Maximilian as occurring along the Wabash River. The known range of the species is from North Carolina to Arkansas, and for this reason the species is not included in this list.
Betula lénta Linnæus. Black Birch. This species has been reported for Indiana as occurring in Fulton, Gibson, Miami, Noble, Posey, St. Joseph and Steuben Counties. Sargent[84] says: "This species has until recently been badly misunderstood. The range of the species is southern Maine to northwestern Vermont, eastern Kentucky, and south to Delaware and along the Appalachian Mountains to northern Georgia and Alabama." No doubt all of the Indiana records should be transferred to Betula lutea, except the Gibson and Posey County record which may be Betula nigra.
Castanea púmila (Linnæus) Miller. Chinquapin. This species was given a place in our flora in Coulter's catalogue upon the authority of Sargent, Ridgway and Schneck. Ridgway, in giving an additional list of the trees of the Lower Wabash Valley[85] says: "There is some doubt as to No. 16 Castanea pumila, which is given on Prof. Sargent's authority; but there is a possibility of an error having been made from the circumstances that the name 'chinquapin' is in that region almost universally applied to the fruit of Quercus Muhlenbergii." The Posey County record was based on a specimen in Dr. Schneck's herbarium, which proves to have been taken from a cultivated tree near Poseyville.
Quercus ilicifòlia Wangenheim. Bear Oak. This species is credited to our flora by Will Scott in his ecological study of "The Leesburg Swamp" in Kosciusko County, published in the Indiana Academy of Science, 1905, page 225. In a reply to an inquiry addressed to him he says no herbarium material was preserved. This ecological work was done during the summer months while working at the biological station at Winona Lake. In a footnote in this paper we are informed that for the identification of the trees listed, Apgar's Trees of the Northern United States was used. In this key to the trees, Quercus velutina (Black Oak) is given only as a variety of Quercus coccinea (Scarlet Oak), and the distinction between Quercus velutina with its many formed leaves, and Quercus ilicifolia is not made apparent. In view of the fact that the natural habitat of Quercus ilicifolia is sandy barrens and rocky hillsides and its western range is eastern Ohio, it is believed what Mr. Scott had in hand was a variable form of Quercus velutina, which is frequent in that vicinity. The evidence is not encouraging enough to include it.
Quercus nìgra Linnæus. Water Oak. This species has been reported by several authors for Indiana. It is believed that a majority of the records should be transferred to velutina and imbricaria or marylandica. Gorby and Schneck call Quercus nigra black jack oak, which is generally the common name for Quercus marilandica. Ridgway in his writings of the flora of the lower Wabash Valley, likewise speaks of Quercus nigra as jack oak and says it is found in poor soil. Coulter in his catalogue of Indiana plants regarded these references to nigra as errors and did not include it in his list. The report for Crawford County by Deam should be transferred to marilandica. Since the range of the species is not north of Kentucky, the reference to the species in the State should be dropped.
The published records are as follows: Carroll (Thompson); Crawford (Deam); Delaware, Jay, Randolph and Wayne (Phinney); Jay (McCaslin); Fountain (Brown); Miami (Gorby); Parke (Hobbs).
Quercus Phéllos Linnæus. Willow Oak. This species has been reported from various counties of the State. The tree is said to grow in swamps and on sandy uplands, ranging from Staten Island, New York, south to Florida and west to Texas, and north to southern Kentucky. If it occurs within our area it no doubt would have been found by Dr. Schneck, who was an enthusiastic student of the oaks. He reported it as occurring in the lower Wabash in his early writings, but his herbarium contained no specimens. The writer while in search for this species in Posey County met three men in widely separated parts of the county who were acquainted with the species in the South and they said they had never seen it in Indiana. One of the men was an old man who had spent his boyhood in Arkansas and he was well acquainted with the willow oak before he came to Indiana. It is believed what has been reported for Q. Phellos has been narrow-leaved forms of Q. imbricaria (shingle oak), and that the records should be transferred to that species.