Illustrations.

PLATE
NUMBER		PLATESPAGE
1.Frontispiece; Sycamore, largest hardwood tree in U.S.[5]
2.Pinus Strobus (White Pine)[21]
3.Pinus Banksiana (Gray or Jack Pine)[23]
4.Pinus virginiana (Scrub Pine)[24]
5.Larix laricina (Tamarack)[27]
6.Tsuga canadensis (Hemlock)[29]
7.Taxodium distichum (Cypress)[31]
8.Thuja occidentalis (Arbor-Vitæ)[33]
9.Juniperus virginiana (Red Cedar)[35]
10.Salix nigra (Black Willow)[37]
11.Salix amygdaloides (Peach-leaved Willow)[39]
12.Salix alba (White Willow)[41]
13.Salix fragilis (Crack Willow)[42]
14.Salix discolor (Pussy Willow)[44]
15.Populus alba (Silver-leaf Poplar)[46]
16.Populus heterophylla (Swamp Cottonwood)[48]
17.Populus deltoides (Cottonwood)[49]
18.Populus grandidentata (Large-toothed Aspen)[51]
19.Populus tremuloides (Quaking Aspen)[53]
20.Juglans cinerea (Butternut)[55]
21.Juglans nigra (Black Walnut)[57]
22.Carya illinoensis (Pecan)[60]
23.Carya cordiformis (Pignut Hickory)[62]
24.Carya ovata (Shellbark Hickory)[64]
25.Carya laciniosa (Big Shellbark Hickory)[67]
26.Carya alba (White Hickory)[69]
27.Carya glabra (Black Hickory)[71]
28.Carya ovalis (Small-fruited Hickory)[73]
29.Carya Buckleyi var. arkansana[77]
30.Carpinus caroliniana (Water Beech)[79]
31.Ostrya virginiana (Ironwood)[81]
32.Betula lutea (Yellow Birch)[83]
33.Betula populifolia (Gray or White Birch)[86]
34.Betula papyrifera (Paper or Canoe Birch)[87]
35.Betula nigra (Black or Red Birch)[89]
36.Alnus incana (Speckled Alder)[91]
37.Alnus rugosa (Smooth Alder)[93]
38.Fagus grandifolia (Beech)[95]
39.Castanea dentata (Chestnut)[97]
40.Quercus alba (White Oak)[102]
41.Quercus bicolor (Swamp White Oak)[105]
42.Quercus Muhlenbergii (Chinquapin Oak)[106]
43.Quercus Michauxii (Cow or Basket Oak)[108]
44.Quercus Prinus (Chestnut Oak) [111]
45.Quercus stellata (Post Oak)[113]
46.Quercus macrocarpa (Bur Oak)[115]
47.Quercus lyrata (Overcup Oak)[118]
48.Quercus imbricaria (Shingle Oak)[120]
49.Quercus rubra (Red Oak)[122]
50.Quercus palustris (Pin Oak)[124]
51.Quercus Schneckii (Schneck's Red Oak)[125]
52.Quercus ellipsoidalis (Hill's Oak)[128]
53.Quercus velutina (Black Oak)[129]
54.Quercus coccinea (Scarlet Oak)[132]
55.Quercus falcata (Spanish Oak)[134]
56.Quercus marilandica (Black Jack Oak)[136]
57.Ulmus fulva (Slippery or Red Elm)[139]
58.Ulmus americana (White Elm)[141]
59.Ulmus Thomasi (Hickory or Rock Elm)[143]
60.Ulmus alata (Winged Elm)[144]
61.Celtis occidentalis (Hackberry)[147]
62.Celtis pumila var. Deamii (Dwarf Hackberry)[149]
63.Celtis mississippiensis (Sugarberry)[152]
64.Morus rubra (Red Mulberry)[154]
65.Maclura pomifera (Osage Orange)[156]
66.Magnolia acuminata (Cucumber Tree)[158]
67.Liriodendron Tulipifera (Tulip Tree or Yellow Poplar)[160]
68.Asimina triloba (Pawpaw)[162]
69.Sassafras officinale (Sassafras)[164]
70.Liquidambar Styraciflua (Sweet Gum)[167]
71.Platanus occidentalis (Sycamore)[169]
72.Malus glaucescens (American Crab Apple)[173]
73.Malus lancifolia (Narrow-leaved Crab Apple)[175]
74.Malus ioensis (Western Crab Apple)[176]
75.Amelanchier canadensis (Juneberry or Service Berry)[178]
76.Amelanchier lævis (Smooth Juneberry or Service Berry)[179]
77.Cratægus Crus-galli (Cock-spur Thorn)[183]
78.Cratægus cuneiformis (Marshall's Thorn)[184]
79.Cratægus punctata (Large-fruited Thorn)[186]
80.Cratægus Margaretta (Judge Brown's Thorn)[187]
81.Cratægus collina (Chapman's Hill Thorn)[189]
82.Cratægus succulenta (Long-spined Thorn)[190]
83.Cratægus neo-fluvialis (New River Thorn)[192]
84.Cratægus Calpodendron (Pear Thorn)[193]
85.Cratægus chrysocarpa (Round-leaved Thorn)[195]
86.Cratægus viridis (Southern Thorn)[196]
87.Cratægus nitida (Shining Thorn)[198]
88.Cratægus macrosperma (Variable Thorn)[199]
89.Cratægus basilica (Edson's Thorn)[201]
90.Cratægus Jesupi (Jesup's Thorn)[202]
91.Cratægus rugosa (Fretz's Thorn)[204]
92.Cratægus filipes (Miss Beckwith's Thorn)[205]
93.Cratægus Gattingeri (Gattinger's Thorn)[207]
94.Cratægus pruinosa (Waxy-fruited Thorn) [208]
95.Cratægus coccinoides (Eggert's Thorn)[210]
96.Cratægus coccinea (Scarlet Thorn)[211]
97.Cratægus mollis (Red-fruited or Downy Thorn)[213]
98.Cratægus Phænopyrum (Washington's Thorn)[215]
99.Prunus americana (Wild Red Plum)[217]
100.Prunus americana var. lanata (Woolly-leaf Plum)[219]
101.Prunus nigra (Canada Plum)[220]
102.Prunus hortulana (Wild Goose Plum)[222]
103.Prunus pennsylvanica (Wild Red Cherry)[224]
104.Prunus serotina (Wild Black Cherry)[225]
105.Cercis canadensis (Redbud)[228]
106.Gleditsia triacanthos (Honey Locust)[229]
107.Gleditsia aquatica (Water Honey Locust)[231]
108.Gymnocladus dioica (Coffeenut Tree)[234]
109.Robinia Pseudo-Acacia (Black Locust)[236]
110.Ailanthus altissima (Ailanthus or Tree of Heaven)[238]
111.Acer Negundo (Box Elder)[241]
112.Acer saccharinum (Silver Maple)[243]
113.Acer rubrum (Red Maple)[245]
114.Acer nigrum (Black Maple)[247]
115.Acer saccharum (Sugar Maple)[249]
116.Æsculus glabra (Buckeye)[252]
117.Æsculus octandra (Sweet Buckeye)[254]
118.Tilia glabra (Linn or Basswood)[256]
119.Tilia heterophylla (White Basswood)[258]
120.Nyssa sylvatica (Black Gum)[260]
121.Cornus florida (Dogwood)[262]
122.Oxydendrum arboreum (Sour Wood or Sorrel Tree)[264]
123.Diospyros virginiana (Persimmon)[266]
124.Fraxinus americana (White Ash)[269]
125.Fraxinus biltmoreana (Biltmore Ash)[271]
126.Fraxinus lanceolata (Green Ash)[273]
127.Fraxinus pennsylvanica (Red Ash)[275]
128.Fraxinus profunda (Pumpkin Ash)[277]
129.Fraxinus quadrangulata (Blue Ash)[279]
130.Fraxinus nigra (Black Ash)[281]
131.Adelia acuminata (Pond Brush or Crooked Brush)[283]
132.Catalpa bignonioides (Catalpa)[285]
133.Catalpa speciosa (Hardy Catalpa)[286]
134.Viburnum prunifolium (Black Haw)[289]
135.County Map of Indiana[301]
136.Map showing certain areas of forest distribution[302]
137.English and Metric Scales compared[303]

Trees of Indiana

Introduction

The present edition has been entirely rewritten. While the general plan of the first edition has been followed, some changes have been made.

The number of trees included has been wholly arbitrary. All woody plants of the State which generally attain a maximum diameter of 10 cm. (4 inches) at breast high are regarded as tree forms. Alnus rugosa which so closely resembles Alnus incana, is an exception, and a description of it is given to aid in the identification of our tree form of Alnus. Also several species of Cratægus are included which commonly do not attain tree size. The species of all Cratægus begin to flower and fruit many years before they attain their maximum size. The genus is much in need of study, and the smaller forms are included to stimulate a study of the genus, and in order that the larger forms may be more easily and certainly identified.

The number of introduced trees has been limited to those that more or less freely escape at least in some parts of the State. The one exception is Catalpa bignonioides, which is given to help separate it from our native catalpa, both of which are now commonly planted.