Bolt
Directions: Out of the piece of iron used enough of the end is upset to make the head. To do this, heat 21⁄2 ins. from the end of the bar to a bright red heat. Take the piece out of the fire, place the hot end on the anvil, and with the bar in a vertical position hammer upon the cold end. The cold end is driven into the hot end, thus shortening or upsetting the bar. This is repeated. The end is heated again and the hammering is continued until the enlarged end has the right proportion for the head of the bolt. (See [drawing].) Heat the enlarged end again and pass the cold end of the stem through the heading tool. Place the heading tool upon the anvil in such a position that the stem passes through the hole in the anvil. The upset end is hammered down against the heading tool until the head is the required thickness. Take it off the heading tool and square it up with the hand hammer. If, after squaring up, the head is found to be too small in diameter and too thick, it is again put into the heading tool and hammered down. This is repeated until the head is finished according to the drawing shown.
Bolt in heading tool
All hand-made bolts are made on this principle, whether they are very large or very small.
Collar