Forming: Forming is the process of giving a piece of iron shape, either by hammering or by using some forming machine; for example, the bulldog.
Welding: Welding means joining two pieces of iron together by heating them to the right temperature and hammering or pressing them together.
XXVI
FORGING HAND HAMMERS
Cross peen hammer: The sketch shows the form and gives the dimensions of this hammer.
Stock: 7⁄8 in. square, 21⁄2 ins. long.
Cross peen hammer
It is best to make this hammer on the end of a bar. In this way you dispense with the handling of tongs, and you are able to get the best control of your material. Mark with a centre-punch, the centre of the 21⁄2 in. piece. Through this, punch a hole with an eye punch. (See eye punch in tool list.) The hole will be a little less than the finished size. Draw the face end slightly tapering. Drive the four corners down and make the face of hammer octagonal in shape. The sketch will show just where to begin this knocking down. The hammer is now cut off and the face squared up. The centre of the face should be a little higher than the outer edges. Now drive into the eye a drift pin. This pin is made of 3⁄4 × 3⁄8 × 4 in. steel. It is tapered for the whole length down to 1⁄2 × 3⁄8 in., and oval in shape. It is driven into the hole. This gives the real shape to the eye of the hammer. Take the pin out and re-heat the hammer. Draw the cross peen out to a taper as you would if you were making a cold chisel. Be careful to keep all within the dimensions given. The hammer may now be filed and polished if one wishes a bright hammer; otherwise, it needs only to be tempered: then it is ready for use.