Balanus sublævis, J. de C. Sowerby, in ‘Geolog. Trans.,’ 2d series, vol. v, Pl. 25, fig. 3. Plate extremely imperfect; description extremely short and useless; a species from India not to be recognised.
Balanus balanoides; the species thus named by Ranzani, and found by Philippi in Sicily, certainly is not the true Lepas balanoides of Linn., but may be [B. amphitrite] of this work. In British collections of Crag specimens I have found the [B. dolosus] (nov. spec.) thus named: I much doubt whether the truly littoral [B. balanoides] of Linnæus has been found fossil.
B. costatus of Montagu, a synonym of B. sulcatus of Bruguière, and of [B. porcatus] of this work; found fossil and recent. This species was originally described by Linnæus under the name of Lepas balanus. But the fossil Lepas balanus of Brocchi is a different species; if it be the same with the recent Lepas balanus of Poli, then it is the [B. perforatus] of the present work. Again, the B. sulcatus of Bronn, in his ‘Lethæa Geognostica’ (tab. 36, fig. 14), is quite different from the B. sulcatus of Bruguière (i. e., [B. porcatus] of the present work), as is at once obvious from the oblique summits of the radii. Lastly, B. tesselatus of Sowerby is a synonym of [B. porcatus], sulcatus, costatus, and Lepas balanus.
B. punctatus of Montagu is a synonym of [Chthamalus stellatus], see remarks on that species: the name of B. punctatus is often applied by British authors to varieties of [B. balanoides], see remarks on that species.
B. rugosus of Morris’s ‘Catalogue’ is a synonym of [B. crenatus]; found recent and fossil.
B. sulcatus of Bruguière, a synonym of [B. porcatus]; found recent and fossil: see remarks under B. costatus.
[B. tintinnabulum] of Linn., found recent and fossil; but no trust whatever ought to be placed in the identifications of this species given in several works; thus the Lepas tintinnabulum of Brocchi is distinct. The B. crassus of Sowerby is the true [B. tintinnabulum]. The B. fasciatus of Dujardin (perhaps only a MS. name) probably is also this species. The B. crispatus is only a variety of [B. tintinnabulum].
B. dentiformis, Defrance: see B. circinnatus.
B. ornatus, Münster, ‘Beiträge zur Petrifact.,’ B. 3, p. 29, tab. vi (1840). No opercular valves or details of structure of the several species of [Balanus] named by Münster, are given, and consequently none can be recognised with certainty.
B. concavus of Bronn, fully described in this work, with the synonyms given; recent and fossil.