“On a dit le suc gastrique faisait perdre à la fibre musculaire ses stries transversales. Ainsi énoncée, cette proposition pourrait donner lieu à une équivoque, car ce qui se perd, ce n’est que l’aspect extérieur de la striature et non les éléments anatomiques qui la composent. On sait que les stries qui donnent un aspect si caractéristique à la fibre musculaire, sont le résultat de la juxtaposition et du parallélisme des corpuscules élémentaires, placés, à distances égales, dans l’intérieur des fibrilles contiguës. Or, dès que le tissu connectif qui relie entre elles les fibrilles élémentaires vient à se gonfler et à se dissoudre, et que les fibrilles elles-mêmes se dissocient, ce parallélisme est détruit et avec lui l’aspect, le phénomène optique des stries. Si, après la désagrégation des fibres, on examine au microscope les fibrilles élémentaires, on distingue encore très-nettement à leur intérieur les corpuscules, et on continue à les voir, de plus en plus pâles, jusqu’au moment où les fibrilles elles-mêmes se liquéfient et disparaissent dans le suc gastrique. Ce qui constitue la striature, à proprement parler, n’est donc pas détruit, avant la liquéfaction de la fibre charnue elle-même.”
In the viscid fluid surrounding the central sphere of undigested meat there were globules of fat and little bits of fibro-elastic tissue; neither of which were in
* ‘Leçons phys. de la Digestion,’ tom. ii. p. 145. [page 100]
the least digested. There were also little free parallelograms of yellowish, highly translucent matter. Schiff, in speaking of the digestion of meat by gastric juice, alludes to such parallelograms, and says:—
“Le gonflement par lequel commence la digestion de la viande, résulte de l’action du suc gastrique acide sur le tissu connectif qui se dissout d’abord, et qui, par sa liquéfaction, désagrége les fibrilles. Celles-ci se dissolvent ensuite en grande partie, mais, avant de passer à l’état liquide, elles tendent à se briser en petits fragments transversaux. Les ‘sarcous elements’ de Bowman, qui ne sont autre chose que les produits de cette division transversale des fibrilles élémentaires, peuvent être préparés et isolés à l’aide du suc gastrique, pourvu qu’on n’attend pas jusqu’à la liquéfaction complète du muscle.”
After an interval of 72 hrs., from the time when the five cubes were placed on the leaves, I opened the four remaining ones. On two nothing could be seen but little masses of transparent viscid fluid; but when these were examined under a high power, fat-globules, bits of fibro-elastic tissue, and some few parallelograms of sarcous matter, could be distinguished, but not a vestige of transverse striae. On the other two leaves there were minute spheres of only partially digested meat in the centre of much transparent fluid.
Fibrin.—Bits of fibrin were left in water during four days, whilst the following experiments were tried, but they were not in the least acted on. The fibrin which I first used was not pure, and included dark particles: it had either not been well prepared or had subsequently undergone some change. Thin portions, about 1/10 of an inch square, were placed on several leaves, and though the fibrin was soon liquefied, the whole was never dissolved. Smaller particles were then placed on four leaves, and minute [page 101] drops of hydrochloric acid (one part to 437 of water) were added; this seemed to hasten the process of digestion, for on one leaf all was liquified and absorbed after 20 hrs.; but on the three other leaves some undissolved residue was left after 48 hrs. It is remarkable that in all the above and following experiments, as well as when much larger bits of fibrin were used, the leaves were very little excited; and it was sometimes necessary to add a little saliva to induce complete inflection. The leaves, moreover, began to re-expand after only 48 hrs., whereas they would have remained inflected for a much longer time had insects, meat, cartilage, albumen, &c., been placed on them.
I then tried some pure white fibrin, sent me by Dr. Burdon Sanderson.
[Experiment 1.—Two particles, barely 1/20 of an inch (1.27 mm.) square, were placed on opposite sides of the same leaf. One of these did not excite the surrounding tentacles, and the gland on which it rested soon dried. The other particle caused a few of the short adjoining tentacles to be inflected, the more distant ones not being affected. After 24 hrs. both were almost, and after 72 hrs. completely, dissolved.
Experiment 2.—The same experiment with the same result, only one of the two bits of fibrin exciting the short surrounding tentacles. This bit was so slowly acted on that after a day I pushed it on to some fresh glands. In three days from the time when it was first placed on the leaf it was completely dissolved.