[100] Richardson, ‘Fauna Bor. Americana: Birds,’ 1831, p. 359. Audubon, ibid. vol. iv. p. 507.
[101] The following papers have been lately written on this subject:—Prof. A. Newton, in the ‘Ibis,’ 1862, p. 107; Dr. Cullen, ibid. 1865, p. 145; Mr. Flower, in ‘Proc. Zool. Soc.’ 1865, p. 747; and Dr. Murie, in ‘Proc. Zool. Soc.’ 1868, p. 471. In this latter paper an excellent figure is given of the male Australian Bustard in full display with the sack distended.
[102] Bates, ‘The Naturalist on the Amazons,’ 1863, vol. ii. p. 284; Wallace, in ‘Proc. Zool. Soc.’ 1850, p. 206. A new species, with a still larger neck-appendage (C. penduliger), has lately been discovered, see 'Ibis,’ vol. i. p. 457.
[103] Bishop, in Todd’s ‘Cyclop. of Anat. and Phys.’ vol. iv. p. 1499.
[104] The spoonbill (Platalea) has its trachea convoluted into a figure of eight, and yet this bird (Jerdon, ‘Birds of India,’ vol. iii. p. 763) is mute; but Mr. Blyth informs me that the convolutions are not constantly present, so that perhaps they are now tending towards abortion.
[105] ‘Elements of Comp. Anat.’ by R. Wagner, Eng. translat. 1845, p. 111. With respect to the swan, as given above, Yarrell’s ‘Hist. of British Birds,’ 2nd edit. 1845, vol. iii. p. 193.
[106] C. L. Bonaparte, quoted in the ‘Naturalist Library: Birds,’ vol. xiv. p. 126.
[107] L. Lloyd, ‘The Game Birds of Sweden,’ &c., 1867, p. 22, 81.
[108] Jenner, ‘Philosoph. Transactions,’ 1824, p. 20.
[109] For the foregoing several facts see, on Birds of Paradise, Brehm, 'Thierleben,’ Band iii. s. 325. On Grouse, Richardson, ‘Fauna Bor. Americ.: Birds,’ p. 343 and 359; Major W. Ross King, ‘The Sportsman in Canada,’ 1866, p. 156; Audubon, ‘American Ornitholog. Biograph.’ vol. i. p. 216. On the Kalij pheasant, Jerdon, ‘Birds of India,’ vol. iii. p. 533. On the Weavers, ‘Livingstone’s Expedition to the Zambesi,’ 1865, p. 425. On Woodpeckers, Macgillivray, ‘Hist. of British Birds,’ vol. iii. 1840, p. 84, 88, 89, and 95. On the Hoopoe, Mr. Swinhoe, in ‘Proc. Zoolog. Soc.’ June 23, 1863. On the Night-Jar, Audubon, ibid. vol. ii. p. 255. The English Night-Jar likewise makes in the spring a curious noise during its rapid flight.