617 ([return])
[ Donders, ibid. p. 36.]
618 ([return])
[ Mr. Hensleigh Wedgwood (Dict. of English Etymology, 1859, vol. i. p. 410) says, “the verb to weep comes from Anglo-Saxon wop, the primary meaning of which is simply outcry.”]
619 ([return])
[ ‘De la Physionomie,’ 1865, p. 217.]
620 ([return])
[ ‘Ceylon,’ 3rd edit. 1859, vol. ii. pp. 364, 376. I applied to Mr. Thwaites, in Ceylon, for further information with respect to the weeping of the elephant; and in consequence received a letter from the Rev. Mr Glenie, who, with others, kindly observed for me a herd of recently captured elephants. These, when irritated, screamed violently; but it is remarkable that they never when thus screaming contracted the muscles round the eyes. Nor did they shed tears; and the native hunters asserted that they had never observed elephants weeping. Nevertheless, it appears to me impossible to doubt Sir E. Tennent’s distinct details about their weeping, supported as they are by the positive assertion of the keeper in the Zoological Gardens. It is certain that the two elephants in the Gardens, when they began to trumpet loudly, invariably contracted their orbicular muscles. I can reconcile these conflicting statements only by supposing that the recently captured elephants in Ceylon, from being enraged or frightened, desired to observe their persecutors, and consequently did not contract their orbicular muscles, so that their vision might not be impeded. Those seen weeping by Sir E. Tennent were prostrate, and had given up the contest in despair. The elephants which trumpeted in the Zoological Gardens at the word of command, were, of course, neither alarmed nor enraged.]
621 ([return])
[ Bergeon, as quoted in the ‘Journal of Anatomy and Physiology,’ Nov. 1871, p. 235.]