CONTENTS.

PAGE
CHAPTER I.
[Introduction]1
CHAPTER II.
[The Neapolitan Earthquake of December 16th, 1857]7
CHAPTER III.
[The Ischian Earthquakes of March 4th, 1881, and July 28th, 1883]45
CHAPTER IV.
[The Andalusian Earthquake of December 25th, 1884]75
CHAPTER V.
[The Charleston Earthquake of August 31st, 1886]102
CHAPTER VI.
[The Riviera Earthquake of February 23rd, 1887]138
CHAPTER VII.
[The Japanese Earthquake of October 28th, 1891]177
CHAPTER VIII.
[The Hereford Earthquake of December 17th, 1896, and the Inverness Earthquake of September 18th, 1901]215
CHAPTER IX.
[The Indian Earthquake of June 12th, 1897]262
CHAPTER X.
[Conclusion]321
[Index]349

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

FIG. PAGE
1.[Diagram to illustrate Simple Harmonic Motion]4
2.[Isoseismal Lines of the Neapolitan Earthquake]9
3.[Diagram to illustrate Wave-path and Angle of Emergence]12
4.[Diagram to illustrate Mallet's Method of determining Position of Epicentre]14
5.[Plan of Cathedral Church at Potenza]16
6.[Fallen Gate-pillars near Saponara]17
7.[Model to illustrate the Motion of an Earth-particle during an Earthquake]19
8.[Plan of Directions of Fall of Overturned Stone-lamps at Tokio during the Earthquake of 1894]19
9.[Meizoseismal Area of Neapolitan Earthquake]22
10.[Distribution of Death-rate within Meizoseismal Area of Neapolitan Earthquake]24
11.[Diagram to illustrate Mallet's Method of determining Depth of Seismic Focus]26
12.[Vertical Section of Cathedral Church at Potenza]27
13.[Diagram of Wave-paths at Seismic Vertical of Neapolitan Earthquake]29
14.[Geological Sketch-map of Ischia]47
15.[Isoseismal Lines of Ischian Earthquake of 1881]51
16.[Isoseismal Lines of Ischian Earthquake of 1883]59
17.[Diagram of Wave-paths at Seismic Vertical of Ischian Earthquake of 1883]62
18.[Diagram showing connection between Depth of Focus and Rate of Decline in Intensity]68
19.[Isoseismal Lines of Andalusian Earthquake according to Taramelli and Mercalli]79
20.[Isoseismal Lines of Andalusian Earthquake according to Fouqué, etc.]81
21.[Magnetograph Records of Andalusian Earthquake at Lisbon]83
22.[Nature of Shock of Andalusian Earthquake]88
23.[Diagram to illustrate Variation in Nature of Shock]89
24.[Structure of Meizoseismal Area of Andalusian Earthquake]100
25.[Isoseismal Lines of Charleston Earthquake]106
26.[Curve of Intensity at Charleston]110
27.[Flexure of Rails at Jedburgh]113
28.[Epicentral Isoseismal Lines of Charleston Earthquake according to Sloan]118
29.[Epicentral Isoseismal Lines of Charleston Earthquake according to Dutton]119
30.[Planes of Oscillation of Stopped Pendulum Clocks at Charleston]121
31.[Diagram to illustrate Dutton's Method of determining Depth of Seismic Focus]124
32.[Diagram to explain Origin of Regions of Defective Intensity]136
33.[Isoseismal Lines of Riviera Earthquake]144
34.[Meizoseismal Area of Riviera Earthquake]148
35.[Nature of Shock of Riviera Earthquake]152
36.[Seismographic Record at Moncalieri]155
37.[Distribution of Observatories at which Magnetographs were disturbed by Riviera Earthquake]158
38.[Record of Tide-gauge at Nice]163
39.[Record of Tide-gauge at Genoa]164
40.[Distribution of Seismic Activity in the Riviera]172
41.[Isoseismal Lines of Japanese Earthquake]178
42.[Structure of Meizoseismal Area of Japanese Earthquake]180
43.[Plan of Directions of Fall of Overturned Bodies at Nagoya]187
44.[Map of Mean Directions of Shock and Isoseismal Lines in Central District of Japanese Earthquake]188
45.[Meizoseismal Area of Japanese Earthquake]190
46.[Fault-scarp near Fujitani]191
47.[Fault-scarp at Midori]192
48.[Displacement of Field-divisions by the Fault near Nishi-Katabira]193
49.[Map of Swamp formed by Stoppage of River Toba by Fault-scarp]194
50.[Shifting of Trees by Fault at Uméhara ]195
51.[Daily Frequency of After-shocks at Gifu and Nagoya]196
52.[Monthly Frequency of After-shocks at Gifu]197
53.[Distribution of Preliminary Shocks in Space]202
54.[Distribution of After-shocks in Space, Nov.-Dec. 1891]203
55.[Distribution of After-shocks in Space, Jan.-Feb. 1892]204
56.[Distribution of After-shocks in Space, March-April 1892]205
57.[Distribution of After-shocks in Space, May-June 1892]206
58.[Distribution of Audible After-shocks in Space, Nov. 1891-Dec. 1892]208
59.[Map of Adjoining Regions in which Seismic Activity was affected by Japanese Earthquake]210
60.[Isoseismal and Isacoustic Lines of Hereford Earthquake]216
61.[Nature of Shock of Hereford Earthquake]222
62.[Coseismal Lines of Hereford Earthquake]228
63.[Map of Minor Shocks of Hereford Earthquake]239
64.[Geology of Meizoseismal Area of Hereford Earthquake]241
65.[Isoseismal Lines of Inverness Earthquake]248
66.[Diagram to illustrate supposed Fault-displacement causing Inverness Earthquake]256
67.[Map of Epicentres of After-shocks of Inverness Earthquake]258
68.[Isoseismal Lines of Indian Earthquake]263
69.[Section of Tombs in Cemetery at Cherrapunji]270
70.[Time-curve of Indian Earthquake]278
71.[Seismographic Record of Indian Earthquake at Rocca di Papa]282
72.[Seismographic Record of Indian Earthquake at Edinburgh]283
73.[Displacement of Alluvium at Foot of a Hill]287
74.[Twisting of Monument at Chhatak]294
75.[Epicentral Area of Indian Earthquake]303
76.[Plan of Chedrang Fault]305
77.[Re-triangulation of Khasi Hills]313
78.[Diagram of Thrust-planes]318
79.[Seismographic Record of Tokio Earthquake of 1894]329
80.[Time-curves of Principal Epochs of Earthquake-waves of Distant Origin]338