Formation of the Perfect Stem.
[118]. The Perfect Stem is formed from the Verb Stem—
1. By adding v (in case of Vowel Stems); as,—
| amāv-ī, | dēlēv-ī, | audīv-ī. |
2. By adding u (in case of some Consonant Stems); as,—
| strepu-ī, | genu-ī, | alu-ī. |
3. By adding s (in case of most Consonant Stems); as,—
| carp-ō, | Perfect | carps-ī. |
| scrīb-ō, | " | scrīps-ī (for scrīb-sī). |
| rīd-eō, | " | rīs-ī (for rīd-sī). |
| sent-iō, | " | sēns-ī (for sent-sī). |
| dīc-ō, | " | dīx-ī (i.e. dīc-sī). |
a. Note that before the ending -sī a Dental Mute (t, d) is lost; a Guttural Mute (c, g) unites with s to form x; while the Labial b is changed to p.
4. Without addition. Of this formation there are three types:—