[124]. A number of Verbs are called Irregular. The most important are sum, dō, edō, ferō, volō, nōlō, mālō, eō, fīō. The peculiarity of these Verbs is that they append the personal endings in many forms directly to the stem, instead of employing a connecting vowel, as fer-s (2d Sing. of fer-ō), instead of fer-i-s. They are but the relics of what was once in Latin a large class of Verbs.
[125]. The Inflection of sum has already been given. Its various compounds are inflected in the same way. They are—
| absum | abesse | āfuī | am absent |
| Pres. Partic. absēns (absentis), absent. | |||
| adsum | adesse | adfuī | am present |
| dēsum | deesse | dēfuī | am lacking |
| insum | inesse | īnfuī | am in |
| intersum | interesse | interfuī | am among |
| praesum | praeesse | praefuī | am in charge of |
| Pres. Partic. praesēns (praesentis), present | |||
| obsum | obesse | obfuī | hinder |
| prōsum | prōdesse | prōfuī | am of advantage |
| subsum | subesse | subfuī | am underneath |
| supersum | superesse | superfuī | am left |
NOTE.—Prōsum is compounded of prōd (earlier form of prō) and sum; the d disappears before consonants, as prōsumus; but prōdestis.
[126]. Possum. In its Present System possum is a compound of pot- (for pote, able) and sum; potuī is from an obsolete potēre.
| PRINCIPAL PARTS. | |||
| possum, | posse, | potuī, | to be able. |
INDICATIVE MOOD. | |||
| SINGULAR. | PLURAL. | ||
| Pres. | possum, potes, potest; | possumus, potestis, possunt. | |
| Imp. | poteram; | poterāmus. | |
| Fut. | poterō; | poterimus. | |
| Perf. | potuī; | potuimus. | |
| Plup. | potueram; | potuerāmus. | |
| Fut. P. | potuerō; | potuerimus. | |
SUBJUNCTIVE. | |||
| SINGULAR. | PLURAL. | ||
| Pres. | possim, possīs, possit; | possīmus, possītis, possint. | |
| Imp. | possem; | possēmus. | |
| Perf. | potuerim; | potuerīmus. | |
| Plup. | potuissem; | potuissēmus. | |
INFINITIVE. | PARTICIPLE. | ||
| Pres. | posse. | Pres. | potēns (as an adjective). |
| Perf. | potuisse. | ||
[127]. Dō, I give.
| PRINCIPAL PARTS. | |||
| dō, | dăre, | dedī, | dătus. |
Active Voice. INDICATIVE MOOD. | |||
| SINGULAR. | PLURAL. | ||
| Pres. | dō, dās, dat; | dămus, dătis, dant. | |
| Imp. | dăbam, etc.; | dăbāmus. | |
| Fut. | dăbō, etc.; | dăbimus. | |
| Perf. | dedī; | dedimus. | |
| Plup. | dederam; | dederāmus. | |
| Fut. P. | dederō; | dederimus. | |
SUBJUNCTIVE | |||
| Pres. | dem; | dēmus. | |
| Imp. | dărem; | dărēmus. | |
| Perf. | dederim; | dederīmus. | |
| Plup. | dedissem; | dedissēmus. | |
IMPERATIVE. | |||
| Pres. | dā; | dăte. | |
| Fut. | dătō; | dătōte. | |
| dătō. | dantō. | ||
INFINITIVE. | PARTICIPLE. | ||
| Pres. | dăre. | dāns. | |
| Perf. | dedisse. | ||
| Fut. | dătūrus esse. | dătūrus. | |
GERUND. | SUPINE. | ||
| dandī, etc. | dătum, dătū. | ||