f) Cause; as,—
perfidiam veritus ad suōs recessit, since he feared treachery, he returned to his own troops.
3. Videō and audiō, besides the Infinitive, take the Present Participle in the Predicate use; as,—
videō tē fugientem, I see you fleeing.
a. So frequently faciō, fingō, indūcō, etc.; as,—
eīs Catōnem respondentem facimus, we represent Cato replying to them;
Homērus Laërtem colentem agrum facit, Homer represents Laërtes tilling the field.
4. The Future Active Participle (except futūrus) is regularly confined to its use in the Periphrastic Conjugation, but in poets and later writers it is used independently, especially to denote purpose; as,—
vēnērunt castra oppugnātūrī, they came to assault the camp.
5. The Perfect Passive Participle is often equivalent to a coördinate clause; as,—
urbem captam dīruit, he captured and destroyed the city (lit. he destroyed the city captured).