[356]. 1. In case of Defective and Deponent Verbs, a Passive is supplied:—
a) By the corresponding verbal Nouns in combination with esse, etc.; as,—
in odiō sumus, we are hated;
in invidiā sum, I am envied;
admīrātiōnī est, he is admired;
oblīviōne obruitur, he is forgotten (lit. is overwhelmed by oblivion);
in ūsū esse, to be used.
b) By the Passive of Verbs of related meaning. Thus:—
agitārī as Passive of persequī;
temptārī as Passive of adorīrī.
2. The lack of the Perfect Active Participle in Latin is supplied—
a) Sometimes by the Perfect Passive Participle of the Deponent; as,—
adhortātus, having exhorted;
veritus, having feared.
b) By the Ablative Absolute; as,—
hostium agrīs vāstātīs Caesar exercitum redūxit, having ravaged the country of the enemy, Caesar led back his army.