stetĕrunt.

a. Diastole and Systole are not mere arbitrary processes. They usually represent an earlier pronunciation which had passed out of vogue in the ordinary speech.

4. After a consonant, i and u sometimes become j and v. The preceding syllable then becomes long; as,—

abjete for abiete; genva for genua.

5. Sometimes v becomes u; as,—

silua for silva; dissoluō for dissolvō.

6. Sometimes a verse has an extra syllable. Such a verse is called an Hypérmeter. The extra syllable ends in a vowel or -m, and is united with the initial vowel or h of the next verse by Synaphéia. Thus:—

... ignārī hominumque locōrumque

errāmus.

7. Tmesis (cutting). Compound words are occasionally separated into their elements; as,—