1. Nouns are either Proper or Common. Proper nouns are permanent names of persons or places; as, Caesar, Rōma. Other nouns are Common: as, penna, virtūs.
2. Nouns are also distinguished as Concrete or Abstract.
a) Concrete nouns are those which designate individual objects; as, mōns, mountain; pēs, foot; diēs, day; mēns, mind.
Under concrete nouns are included, also, collective nouns; as, legiō, legion; comitātus, retinue.
b) Abstract nouns designate qualities; as, cōnstantia, steadfastness; paupertās, poverty.
GENDER OF NOUNS.
[13]. There are three Genders,—Masculine, Feminine, and Neuter. Gender in Latin is either natural or grammatical.
Natural Gender.
[14]. The gender of nouns is natural when it is based upon sex. Natural gender is confined entirely to names of persons; and these are—
1. Masculine, if they denote males; as,—
nauta, sailor; agricola, farmer.
2. Feminine, if they denote females; as,—