[17]. There are six Cases in Latin:—
| Nominative, | Case of Subject; |
| Genitive, | Objective with of, or Possessive; |
| Dative, | Objective with to or for; |
| Accusative, | Case of Direct Object; |
| Vocative, | Case of Address; |
| Ablative, | Objective with by, from, in, with. |
1. LOCATIVE. Vestiges of another case, the Locative (denoting place where), occur in names of towns and in a few other words.
2. OBLIQUE CASES. The Genitive, Dative, Accusative, and Ablative are called Oblique Cases.
3. STEM AND CASE-ENDINGS. The different cases are formed by appending certain case-endings to a fundamental part called the Stem.[[12]] Thus, portam (Accusative Singular) is formed by adding the case-ending -m to the stem porta-. But in most cases the final vowel of the stem has coalesced so closely with the actual case-ending that the latter has become more or less obscured. The apparent case-ending thus resulting is called a termination.
THE FIVE DECLENSIONS.
[18]. There are five Declensions in Latin, distinguished from each other by the final letter of the Stem, and also by the Termination of the Genitive Singular, as follows:—
| DECLENSION. | FINAL LETTER OF STEM. | GEN. TERMINATION. |
| First | ā | -ae |
| Second | ŏ | -ī |
| Third | ĭ / Some consonant | -īs |
| Fourth | ŭ | -ūs |
| Fifth | ē | -ēī / -ĕī |
Cases alike in Form.
[19]. 1. The Vocative is regularly like the Nominative, except in the singular of nouns in -us of the Second Declension.