| I. | Pure Consonant-Stems. |
| II. | ĭ-Stems. |
| III. | Consonant-Stems which have partially adapted themselves to the inflection of ĭ-Stems. |
| IV. | A very few stems ending in a long vowel or a diphthong. |
| V. | Irregular Nouns. |
I. Consonant-Stems.
[29]. 1. In these the stem appears in its unaltered form in all the oblique cases, so that the actual case-endings may be clearly recognized.
2. Consonant-Stems fall into several natural subdivisions, according as the stem ends in a Mute, Liquid, Nasal, or Spirant.
A. Mute-Stems.
[30]. Mute-Stems may end,—
1. In a Labial (p); as, prīncep-s.
2. In a Guttural (g or c); as, rēmex (rēmeg-s); dux (duc-s).
3. In a Dental (d or t); as, lapis (lapid-s); mīles (mīlet-s).
1. STEMS IN A LABIAL MUTE (p).