[12] The Stem is often derived from a more primitive form called the Root. Thus, the stem porta- goes back to the root per-, por-. Roots are usually monosyllabic. The addition made to a root to form a stem is called a Suffix. Thus in porta- the suffix is -ta.
[13] There is only one stem ending in -m:—hiems, hiemīs, winter.
[14] Mēnsis, month, originally a consonant stem (mēns-), has in the Genitive Plural both mēnsium and mēnsum. The Accusative Plural is mēnsēs.
[15] This is practically always used instead of alīus in the Genitive.
[16] A Dative Singular Feminine alterae also occurs.
[17] Supplied by vetustior, from vetustus.
[18] Supplied by recentior.
[19] For newest, recentissimus is used.
[20] Supplied by minimus nātū.
[21] Supplied by maximus nātū.