[7] Many of these city camps date from the period of Augustus, whose name appears in most of them, e.g.: Cæsaria Augusta (Saragossa); Urbs Septima Legionis (León); Asturica Augusta (Astorga) Lucas Augusti (Lugo); Emerita Augusta (Mérida); Pax Augusta (Badajoz); and Bracara Augusta (Braga).
[8] Spain contributed its share of martyrs during the periods of persecution, especially in the time of Diocletian. San Vicente of Valencia, Santa Eulalia of Mérida, San Severo of Barcelona, Santa Leocadia of Toledo, and Santa Engracia of Saragossa were among those put to death in Diocletian’s reign.
[9] This term, characterized by Joaquín Escriche (Diccionario razonado de legislación y jurisprudencia. Madrid, 1847) as “barbarous,” is about equivalent to “Charter of the laws.”
[10] Named for him, Gebel-al-Tarik, or hill of Tarik.
[11] Near Medina Sidonia and Vejer.
[12] Province of Salamanca.
[13] The laws themselves furnish numerous indications of the customary evils. Doctors, for example, were forbidden to cure women, unless in the presence of certain specified persons. It may be added that doctors were made responsible by law for the effect of their medicines.
[14] One curious superstitious practice was that of celebrating a mass for an enemy who was yet alive. It was believed that this would accelerate his death.
[15] The word “count” was not at that time a title of nobility.
[16] The figures are 300,000 and 5,408,000 dinars respectively, or roughly $700,000 and $12,600,000. It is of course impossible to reckon the comparative purchasing power of a dinar then and its equivalent today, although it was no doubt much greater then; hence, the above figures have only a relative value.