IV. EGYPT UNDER FOREIGN RULE, B. C. 340-A. D. 395.
31st Dynasty, the Persians, B. C. 340 to 332.
Kings: (Okhos). (Arses). (Dareios). These names do not occur on the Egyptian monuments.
32d Dynasty, the Macedonians, B. C. 332 to 305.
Kings: Aleksandres or Alexander the Great. Phîulîupûs or Philippus Aridæus. Aleksandres or Alexander II.
33d Dynasty, the Ptolemies, B. C. 305 to 30.
Kings: Ptolemy I. Soter I. Ptolemy II. Philadelphus. Ptolemy III. Euergetes I. Ptolemy IV. Philopator I. Ptolemy V. Epiphanes. Ptolemy VI. Eupator. Ptolemy VII. Philometor. Ptolemy VIII. Philopator II. Ptolemy IX. Euergetes II. Cleopatra III. Ptolemy X. Soter II. Ptolemy XI. Alexander I. Berenice III. Ptolemy XII. Alexander II. Ptolemy XIII. Neos Dionysios. Cleopatra VI. Ptolemy XVI. Cæsarion.
34th Dynasty, the Romans, B. C. 30 to A. D. 395.
Emperors: Augustus. Tiberius. Caligula. Claudius. Nero. Galba. Otho. Vespasian. Titus. Domitian. Nerva. Trajan. Hadrian. Antoninus Pius. Aurelius. Verus. Commodus. Severus. Caracalla. Geta. Decius. .......... A. D. 251.
Egyptian history ends here as far as the monuments are concerned, for Decius is the last Roman emperor mentioned by them. Prominent among the succeeding emperors are Gallienus, Aurelian, Probus, Diocletian, Constantine the Great, Constantius, and Theodosius the Great. The emperors of the Eastern Roman Empire, called the Byzantines, rule over Egypt from A. D. 395 to 638. The Mohammedans then conquer the country in 638, and have remained in possession until now. One of the best of these rulers or Khedives was the late Ishmael Pasha.