[15] Retana, p. 431; Craig, p. 248. The details of the last scene in Retana’s account followed here were supplied to him by Dr. Saura, who said he followed the death-march and tried to hear all that was said. [↑]
[16] Foreman, “[The Philippine Islands].” p. 386. [↑]
[17] Retana, pp. 430–432; Craig, pp. 247–250; Derbyshire, pp. xlvii–xlix; Clifford in “Blackwood’s Magazine”; Mr. Tavera’s corrections; Piñana; Foreman, Chap. XXII. [↑]
[20] He rose from the ranks to the grade of brigadier-general. [↑]
CHAPTER XVII
RESULTS AND INFLUENCES
In this long conflict character shone forth and latent ability, refuting old slanders on the race. The Filipino disclosed himself. By ancient repute the Malayan was cruel and treacherous; the test of warfare showed him to be much more humane than the Spaniard and much more sensible of honor and faith. He had been described as incapable of combined and sustained activities; he revealed himself as organizing a government out of chaos, coördinating the energies of peoples unused to common effort, launching a democracy founded upon the most advanced ideas of political philosophy, defending it with skill and tenacious courage comparable to the best traditions of the Swiss mountaineers. Men whose talents had never been suspected because they had never had a chance to function arose in the Filipino ranks to astonish their enemies and overwhelm prejudice. Great commanders appeared like Luna and del Pilar; statesmen and thinkers like Felipe Calderon; and profoundly philosophical and illuminating intellects like Apolinario Mabini.