1,2.Blue-bottle.
3,4.Green-bottle.
5,6.House-fly (slightly enlarged).
7,8.Curse (Black).
9,10.Curse (Dun).
11.Curse (Badger).
12.Black Gnat.
13,14.Yellow Sally.
15,16,17.Willow-fly.
18.Alder-fly.
19.Oak-fly.
20,21.Cow-dung-fly.
22.Hawthorn-fly.

CHAPTER IV
The Alder-fly (Sialis lutaria, Linn.).

The Alder is a fly which hitherto has taken a position in the dry-fly fisherman’s estimation very much inferior to that which is its due. Almost every writer on the subject says that it is but rarely found on the water. It is naturally not found there so often as the flies which are hatched out in the water, but I have notwithstanding frequently seen them on the water in fair numbers. The proportion of Alders which get on the water is probably very small if compared with those which do not; but as the fly is in some places extremely numerous, even this small proportion becomes in those places a large number.

A practical proof that they do frequently fall on the water is the avidity with which the trout feed upon them, and I have almost always found them in the stomachs of trout when they have been numerous at the water-side. I have also often dropped a natural Alder on the water and seen it taken by a trout.

Many will probably think that I have mistaken one of the Caddis-flies for the Alder, but I can assure them that this is not the case. I have always, with regard to the Alder especially, made a very careful examination of the flies at the water-side, and, as every one knows, even a cursory examination of the fly with a magnifying-glass puts an end to all doubt as to its being an Alder or Caddis-fly, even if the knowledge of entomology possessed by him who examines is but small. The peculiar hump-shape of the wings when at rest also makes an Alder easily recognisable.

I believe that the great reason that the imitation Alder is not so successful as it should be, is because the wings are generally put in an absolutely impossible position. This is not the fault of the fly-dressers, as all writers on the subject have put the wings in this position, a position into which they could not get in the natural fly without the intervention of external violence.

I have, in observing this fly when it has fallen on the water, seen its wings in the position of rest as often as not. In fact the only other condition in which I have seen it, is when it has been buzzing violently, apparently with the object of raising itself from the surface. Of course the easiest, and in fact the only possible position in which the wings can be accurately imitated, is the position of rest.

Another mistake in the imitations usually sold, is in the materials used in the dressing. The body is made very fat, with peacock herle; while in the natural fly it is decidedly thin, and of a dark brown colour. The wings are made of brown speckled hen’s quill feathers or bustard, which are of a very much richer brown than the wing of the natural fly, and lastly the hackle is much too profuse and goes all over the fly. The following dressing of the Alder I have found to be most successful, both in my hands and in those of other fishermen.